Martha Daniell Logan

Martha Daniell Logan (December 29, 1704-June 28, 1779) was an American-born horticulturalist, educator, and writer in Charleston, South Carolina. She operated a business importing and exporting seeds and nursery plants, and wrote the first American treatise on gardening.

History

Financial necessity compelled Martha Daniell Logan to pursue commercial opportunities unusual for a woman of her time and social station. Her father, Robert Daniell (1646-1718), a British merchant engaged in maritime trade with Barbados and Bermuda, had immigrated to the Carolinas in 1679 and became one of the largest landowners in the colony, granted 48,000 acres in 1698 and an additional 48,000 acres in 1713 for political and military service to the Lords Proprietor and the Crown. He was evidently concerned with the education of Martha and her siblings, and made provisions in a will of 1709 for their “schooling, and all other things necessary for [their] education.” A year after Daniell’s death in May 1718, his widow married the planter Col. George Logan, Sr. (1669-1721), and in July 1719 fourteen-year-old Martha married her stepbrother, George Logan, Jr. (1695-1765). They moved to a house on the Wando River, ten miles from Charleston, where Martha established a boarding school a few years after the birth of her eighth child in 1738. On March 20, 1742, she advertised her services as a teacher of reading, writing, and embroidery for "Any Persons desirous to board their Children." Following her family’s relocation to Charleston in about 1749, she advertised plans to open another boarding school at her house on the green near Trotts Point.

In addition to teaching, Logan distinguished herself as an authority on horticulture. Describing her as "a great florist, and uncommonly fond of a garden," the early Charleston historian David Ramsay recalled in 1809 that Logan and her friend Sarah Hopton had "cultivated extensive gardens" in the city. The Charleston artist Charles Fraser also remembered Logan's garden for its size, noting that it "occupied a large space of ground on the north of Tradd-street" opposite "a vacant lot or green." Logan is generally recognized as the author of the gardening section of John Tobler’s South Carolina Almanack, first advertised in the South Carolina Gazette on December 6, 1751 as a “Gardners Kalander [sic], done by a Lady of this Province, and esteemed a very good one.” It was reprinted several times, and from 1798 to 1800 appeared posthumously under her name in annual editions of the Palladium of Knowledge: or, The Carolina and Georgia Almanac. She was also reputed to have written a treatise on gardening at the age of seventy. In that work, the Charleston historian David Ramsay claimed, she "reduced the knowledge she had acquired by long experience, and observation, to a regular system which...to this day regulates the practice of gardens in and around Charleston. She based her advice on practical experience gained not only as a gardener, but also as a purveyor of botanical goods. The South Carolina Gazette carried the first advertisements for the commercial business she established selling seeds and plants, initially under her son’s name. A notice published in the Gazette on November 12, 1753 announced the availability of a parcel of very good seeds, flower roots, and fruit stones of several kinds” which were “just imported from London.”(view text). She briefly met the Philadelphia botanist and nurseryman John Bartram on his visit to Charleston in 1760. “I was with her about five minutes, in much company,” Bartram informed his London agent, Peter Collinson, in 1762, “Yet we contracted such a mutual correspondence, that one silk bag of seed hath passed and repassed full of seeds three times since last fall.” Her neighbor in Charleston, Ann Manigault, recorded in her diary that on November 25, 1763 she “went to Mrs. Logan’s to buy roots.”

--Robyn Asleson

Texts

• South Carolina Gazette, November 12, 1753 (quoted in Manigault and Webber, July 1919, 205, n.9) back up to History

”Just imported from London and to be sold by Daniel Logan, at his Mother’s house on the Green, near Trotts point, a parcel of very good seeds, flower roots, and fruit stones of several kinds.”

• Bartram, John to Peter Collinson, May 7 1761 (Bartram, 1992, 517)

"fine bearing trees which I hope to have by ye favour of an elderly widow Lady which spared no pains or cost to oblige me[.] her garden is her delight & she hath a fine [one.] I was with her about 5 minits in much company yet we contracted much mutual Correspondence that one silk bag hath past & repast full of seeds several times last fall...."

• Logan, Martha, February 15, 1768, describing in the South Carolina Gazette a sale in Charleston, S.C. (quoted in Spruill, 1972: 278)

”Just imported in Capt. Lloyd from London and to be sold very reasonably by Martha Logan at her house in Meeting-street, three doors without the gate:

“A fresh assortment of very good garden seeds and flower roots, also many other sorts of flower shrubs and box for edging beds, now growing in her garden.”