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Difference between revisions of "Richard Peters"

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Richard Peters was born at [[Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)|Belmont]], the estate on the [[Schuylkill River]] that his father, [[William Peters]], was then in the process of developing as a suburban villa and [[pleasure garden]]. Following [[William Peters|William’s]] return to England in 1768, Richard Peters assumed responsibility for the property, which served as his primary residence for the next sixty years. In contrast to his Loyalist father, Peters was an ardent supporter of American independence. He served as secretary of the Board of War, working closely with [[Robert Morris]] to raise money and supplies for the army. <ref> Royce Shingleton, ''Richard Peters: Champion of the New South'' (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985), 6, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/WN5FMNI2 view on Zotero]; Samuel Breck, ''Address Delivered before the Blockley and Merion Agricultural Society, on Saturday, September 29th, 1828, on the Death on [sic] Their Late President, The Hon. Richard Peters'' (Philadelphia: Lydia R. Bailey, 1828), 6-15,  [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/INU66QCU view on Zotero]; Richard Peters, Jr., “Belmont Mansion,” ''Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia'', 30 (1925): 85-86, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/NFTXIF6S view on Zotero]. </ref> He also represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (1782-83) and served as a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1787 to 1792. Renowned for his lively wit and generous hospitality, Peters hosted many prominent Americans and foreign visitors at [[Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)|Belmont]], particularly during the years that Philadelphia served as the seat of the federal government (1790-1800). <ref> Richard Peters and Samuel Breck, “A Collection of Puns and Witticisms of Judge Richard Peters,” ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'', 253 (1901): 366-69, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/6ZDNIWV3 view on Zotero]; Rufus Wilmot Griswold, ''The Republican Court: Or American Society in the Days of Washington'' (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1855), 264-65, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2FR244CI view on Zotero]. </ref> Among those who strolled [[Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)|Belmont's]] gardens and discussed agriculture and politics with Peters were [[George Washington]], [[John Quincy Adams]], [[James Madison]], John Jay, and the [[Marquis de Lafayette]]. <ref> Nellie Peters Black, Richard Peters, His Ancestors and Descendents: 1810-1889 (Atlanta: Foote & Davies, 1904), 92, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TM8MFVBZ view on Zotero]; Peters, 1925: 88-89, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/NFTXIF6S view on Zotero]. </ref>
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Richard Peters was born at [[Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)|Belmont]], the estate on the [[Schuylkill River]] that his father, [[William Peters]], was then in the process of developing as a suburban villa and [[pleasure garden]]. Following [[William Peters|William’s]] return to England in 1768, Richard Peters assumed responsibility for the property, which served as his primary residence for the next sixty years. In contrast to his Loyalist father, Peters was an ardent supporter of American independence. He served as secretary of the Board of War, working closely with [[Robert Morris]] to raise money and supplies for the Continental Army. <ref> Royce Shingleton, ''Richard Peters: Champion of the New South'' (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985), 6, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/WN5FMNI2 view on Zotero]; Samuel Breck, ''Address Delivered before the Blockley and Merion Agricultural Society, on Saturday, September 29th, 1828, on the Death on [sic] Their Late President, The Hon. Richard Peters'' (Philadelphia: Lydia R. Bailey, 1828), 6-15,  [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/INU66QCU view on Zotero]; Richard Peters, Jr., “Belmont Mansion,” ''Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia'', 30 (1925): 85-86, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/NFTXIF6S view on Zotero]. </ref> He also represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (1782-83) and served as a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1787 to 1792. Renowned for his lively wit and generous hospitality, Peters hosted many prominent Americans and foreign visitors at [[Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)|Belmont]], particularly during the years that Philadelphia served as the seat of the federal government (1790-1800). <ref> Richard Peters and Samuel Breck, “A Collection of Puns and Witticisms of Judge Richard Peters,” ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'', 253 (1901): 366-69, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/6ZDNIWV3 view on Zotero]; Rufus Wilmot Griswold, ''The Republican Court: Or American Society in the Days of Washington'' (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1855), 264-65, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2FR244CI view on Zotero]. </ref> Among those who strolled [[Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)|Belmont's]] gardens and discussed agriculture and politics with Peters were [[George Washington]], [[John Quincy Adams]], [[James Madison]], John Jay, and the [[Marquis de Lafayette]]. <ref> Nellie Peters Black, Richard Peters, His Ancestors and Descendents: 1810-1889 (Atlanta: Foote & Davies, 1904), 92, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TM8MFVBZ view on Zotero]; Peters, 1925: 88-89, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/NFTXIF6S view on Zotero]. </ref>
 
    
 
    
 
Peters experimented with new scientific methods of agriculture and animal husbandry intended to improve the productivity of American crops. The use of plaster of Paris as a fertilizing agent, which he recommended in a widely circulated pamphlet published in 1797 (with a dedication to his friend [[George Washington]]), influenced the methods of other gentlemen farmers, including [[George Washington|Washington]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]], with whom he frequently corresponded on agricultural matters. <ref> Benjamin R. Cohen, ''Notes from the Ground: Science, Soil, and Society in the American Countryside'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009),  38-40, 97, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MGKGZIKZ view on Zotero]. See also Richard Peters, ''Agricultural Enquiries on Plaister of Paris: Also Facts, Observations and Conjectures on That Sub[s]tance, When Applied as Manure: Collected, Chiefly from the Practice of Farmers in Pennsylvania, and Published as Much with a View to Invite, as to Give Information'' (Philadelphia: Charles Cist and John Markland, 1797), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P3C9I8MC view on Zotero].</ref> Peters went on to promote scientific methods of agriculture in ''A Discourse on Agriculture: Its Antiquity and Importance to Every Member of the Community'' (1816) and in over 100 reports published under the auspices of the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture (founded in 1785), of which he was a charter member, and president from 1805 to 1828. Under his leadership, the Society gained new momentum, organizing exhibitions of farm products and labor-saving machinery, analyzing seeds and plant specimens, and distributing foreign seeds to American farmers. <ref> Simon Baatz, ''"Venerate the Plough"; A History of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 1785-1985'' (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 1985), ___, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/W3KPMSDN view on Zotero]; Shingleton, 1985, 7-8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/WN5FMNI2 view on Zotero]; Breck, 1828: 23-26, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/6ZDNIWV3 view on Zotero]. </ref> Peters also founded the Merion Society for Promoting Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1790, serving as its president for 38 years, and as a judge of the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania from 1792 until his death in 1828.  
 
Peters experimented with new scientific methods of agriculture and animal husbandry intended to improve the productivity of American crops. The use of plaster of Paris as a fertilizing agent, which he recommended in a widely circulated pamphlet published in 1797 (with a dedication to his friend [[George Washington]]), influenced the methods of other gentlemen farmers, including [[George Washington|Washington]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]], with whom he frequently corresponded on agricultural matters. <ref> Benjamin R. Cohen, ''Notes from the Ground: Science, Soil, and Society in the American Countryside'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009),  38-40, 97, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MGKGZIKZ view on Zotero]. See also Richard Peters, ''Agricultural Enquiries on Plaister of Paris: Also Facts, Observations and Conjectures on That Sub[s]tance, When Applied as Manure: Collected, Chiefly from the Practice of Farmers in Pennsylvania, and Published as Much with a View to Invite, as to Give Information'' (Philadelphia: Charles Cist and John Markland, 1797), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P3C9I8MC view on Zotero].</ref> Peters went on to promote scientific methods of agriculture in ''A Discourse on Agriculture: Its Antiquity and Importance to Every Member of the Community'' (1816) and in over 100 reports published under the auspices of the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture (founded in 1785), of which he was a charter member, and president from 1805 to 1828. Under his leadership, the Society gained new momentum, organizing exhibitions of farm products and labor-saving machinery, analyzing seeds and plant specimens, and distributing foreign seeds to American farmers. <ref> Simon Baatz, ''"Venerate the Plough"; A History of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 1785-1985'' (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 1985), ___, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/W3KPMSDN view on Zotero]; Shingleton, 1985, 7-8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/WN5FMNI2 view on Zotero]; Breck, 1828: 23-26, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/6ZDNIWV3 view on Zotero]. </ref> Peters also founded the Merion Society for Promoting Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1790, serving as its president for 38 years, and as a judge of the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania from 1792 until his death in 1828.  

Revision as of 14:35, March 24, 2015

Richard Peters (1744-1828), a federal judge and Revolutionary War patriot, devoted himself to agricultural experiments at his family estate, Belmont outside of Philadelphia, where he operated a model farm. Peters published extensively and became a leading authority on best practices for American agriculture.


History

Richard Peters was born at Belmont, the estate on the Schuylkill River that his father, William Peters, was then in the process of developing as a suburban villa and pleasure garden. Following William’s return to England in 1768, Richard Peters assumed responsibility for the property, which served as his primary residence for the next sixty years. In contrast to his Loyalist father, Peters was an ardent supporter of American independence. He served as secretary of the Board of War, working closely with Robert Morris to raise money and supplies for the Continental Army. [1] He also represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (1782-83) and served as a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1787 to 1792. Renowned for his lively wit and generous hospitality, Peters hosted many prominent Americans and foreign visitors at Belmont, particularly during the years that Philadelphia served as the seat of the federal government (1790-1800). [2] Among those who strolled Belmont's gardens and discussed agriculture and politics with Peters were George Washington, John Quincy Adams, James Madison, John Jay, and the Marquis de Lafayette. [3]

Peters experimented with new scientific methods of agriculture and animal husbandry intended to improve the productivity of American crops. The use of plaster of Paris as a fertilizing agent, which he recommended in a widely circulated pamphlet published in 1797 (with a dedication to his friend George Washington), influenced the methods of other gentlemen farmers, including Washington and Thomas Jefferson, with whom he frequently corresponded on agricultural matters. [4] Peters went on to promote scientific methods of agriculture in A Discourse on Agriculture: Its Antiquity and Importance to Every Member of the Community (1816) and in over 100 reports published under the auspices of the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture (founded in 1785), of which he was a charter member, and president from 1805 to 1828. Under his leadership, the Society gained new momentum, organizing exhibitions of farm products and labor-saving machinery, analyzing seeds and plant specimens, and distributing foreign seeds to American farmers. [5] Peters also founded the Merion Society for Promoting Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1790, serving as its president for 38 years, and as a judge of the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania from 1792 until his death in 1828.

In the late 1790s Peters spearheaded the planning and construction of a permanent bridge over the Schuylkill River (opened in 1805) which made it possible to commute to Philadelphia from country houses such as Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia), rendering the west side of the Schuylkill truly suburban. In recognition of his service, one of the bridge posts was decorated with a portrait of Peters in a bronze medallion. [6] Peters’s multifarious activities reportedly caused him to neglect Belmont, which some described as presenting a shabby appearance. When taken to task for the derelict appearance of his fields, the judge reportedly delivered the riposte, “How can you expect me...to attend to all these things when my time is so taken up in telling others how to farm?” [7]

--Robyn Asleson

Texts

  • Samuel Breck, September 29, 1828, Address Delivered before the Blockley and Merion Agricultural Society (1828: 17). [8]
“The President who placed him on the bench, knew him [[[Richard Peters]]] well, and took great delight in his society. When a morning of leisure permitted that great man to drive to Belmont, the birth-place and country residence of Judge Peters, it was his constant habit so to do. There, sequestered from the world, --the torments and cares of business, Washington would enjoy a vivacious, recreative, and wholly unceremonious intercourse with the Judge; walking for hours, side by side, in the beautiful gardens of Belmont, beneath the dark shade of lofty hemlocks, placed there by his ancestors, nearly a century ago. In those romantic grounds, there stands a chestnut tree, reared from a Spanish nut, planted by the hand of Washington. Large, healthy, and fruitful, it is cherished at Belmont, as a precious evidence of the intimacy that subsisted between those distinguished men. The stranger who visits these umbrageous walks, trimmed and decorated in the style of the seventeenth century, pauses amid ‘clipt hedges of pyramids, obelisksm, and balls,’ formed by the evergreen and compact spruce, to contemplate this thriving tree, and carry back his memory to the glorious virtuous career of him who placed it there.”


"Belmont house is old, but is well built of stone and like all the Country houses, has a Piazza in front. I don't see why those in England should not have the same, which would secure a fine airy walk in all weathers, besides being ornamental to the building."


References

[Library of Congress Authorities] [Wikipedia]


Images


Notes

  1. Royce Shingleton, Richard Peters: Champion of the New South (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985), 6, view on Zotero; Samuel Breck, Address Delivered before the Blockley and Merion Agricultural Society, on Saturday, September 29th, 1828, on the Death on [sic] Their Late President, The Hon. Richard Peters (Philadelphia: Lydia R. Bailey, 1828), 6-15, view on Zotero; Richard Peters, Jr., “Belmont Mansion,” Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, 30 (1925): 85-86, view on Zotero.
  2. Richard Peters and Samuel Breck, “A Collection of Puns and Witticisms of Judge Richard Peters,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 253 (1901): 366-69, view on Zotero; Rufus Wilmot Griswold, The Republican Court: Or American Society in the Days of Washington (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1855), 264-65, view on Zotero.
  3. Nellie Peters Black, Richard Peters, His Ancestors and Descendents: 1810-1889 (Atlanta: Foote & Davies, 1904), 92, view on Zotero; Peters, 1925: 88-89, view on Zotero.
  4. Benjamin R. Cohen, Notes from the Ground: Science, Soil, and Society in the American Countryside (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 38-40, 97, view on Zotero. See also Richard Peters, Agricultural Enquiries on Plaister of Paris: Also Facts, Observations and Conjectures on That Sub[s]tance, When Applied as Manure: Collected, Chiefly from the Practice of Farmers in Pennsylvania, and Published as Much with a View to Invite, as to Give Information (Philadelphia: Charles Cist and John Markland, 1797), view on Zotero.
  5. Simon Baatz, "Venerate the Plough"; A History of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 1785-1985 (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 1985), ___, view on Zotero; Shingleton, 1985, 7-8, view on Zotero; Breck, 1828: 23-26, view on Zotero.
  6. Frank Griggs, Jr., “The Permanent Bridge,” Structure Magazine (October 2013): http://www.structuremag.org/?p=817; Breck, 1828: 19-20, view on Zotero; Peters, 1825: 86-87 view on Zotero; Mark Reinberger, “Belmont: The Bourgeois Villa in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia,” Arris: Journal of the Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians, 9 (1998): 33, view on Zotero. See also Richard Peters, A Statistical Account of the Schuylkill Permanent Bridge: Communicated to the Philadelphia Society of Agriculture, 1806 (Philadelphia: Johnson & Warner, 1815), https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JCCE54JT view on Zotero].
  7. Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Horace Mather Lippincott, The Colonial Homes of Philadelphia and Its Neighbourhood (Philadelphia and London: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1912), 149, view on Zotero.
  8. Breck, 1828, view on Zotero.
  9. Kathleen A. Foster, Captain Watson’s Travels in America: The Sketchbooks and Diary of Joshua Rowley Watson, 1772-1818 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997), view on Zotero.

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