https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&feed=atom&action=historyEliza Lucas Pinckney - Revision history2024-03-28T15:33:18ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.2https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=41967&oldid=prevM-westerby at 17:27, September 28, 20212021-09-28T17:27:52Z<p></p>
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</table>M-westerbyhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=41966&oldid=prevM-westerby at 17:27, September 28, 20212021-09-28T17:27:06Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Alternate names=Eliza Lucas</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Alternate names=Eliza Lucas<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">; Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>M-westerbyhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=41965&oldid=prevM-westerby at 17:26, September 28, 20212021-09-28T17:26:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Birth Location=British Colony of Antigua</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Keywords=Avenue; Basin; Bowling green; Gate/Gateway; Green; Grove; Mount; Nursery; Orchard; Plot/Plat; Pond; Prospect; Seat; Temple; Thicket; Walk; Wall; Wilderness</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Other resources={{ExternalLink</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|External link text=Library of Congress Authority File</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}{{ExternalLink</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|External link URL=http://www.anb.org/articles/01/01-00737.html?a=1&n=pinckney&d=10&ss=4&q=6</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|External link text=American National Biography Online</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Elizabeth “Eliza” Lucas Pinckney''' (December 28, 1722&ndash;May 26, 1793) managed several [[plantation]]s in South Carolina, including Wapoo and Belmont, where she laid out gardens. Her extensive correspondence includes descriptions of local houses and gardens. An agricultural innovator and amateur botanist, Pinckney was a pioneer in the American cultivation of indigo, which became South Carolina’s second most lucrative cash crop—second only to rice—and a crucial buttress to the colony’s faltering economy.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Elizabeth “Eliza” Lucas Pinckney''' (December 28, 1722&ndash;May 26, 1793) managed several [[plantation]]s in South Carolina, including Wapoo and Belmont, where she laid out gardens. Her extensive correspondence includes descriptions of local houses and gardens. An agricultural innovator and amateur botanist, Pinckney was a pioneer in the American cultivation of indigo, which became South Carolina’s second most lucrative cash crop—second only to rice—and a crucial buttress to the colony’s faltering economy.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://src6.cas.sc.edu/poelp/ The Digital Edition of Eliza Lucas Pinckney & Harriott Pinckney Horry, 1739&ndash;1830]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://src6.cas.sc.edu/poelp/ The Digital Edition of Eliza Lucas Pinckney & Harriott Pinckney Horry, 1739&ndash;1830]</div></td></tr>
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</table>M-westerbyhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=38766&oldid=prevV-Federici at 09:21, August 6, 20202020-08-06T09:21:06Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon after returning to South Carolina in 1758, Pinckney’s husband died and she assumed responsibility for managing a number of his [[plantation]]s and other properties. She corresponded with an extensive network of friends across the Atlantic, to whom she occasionally sent distinctive South Carolina flora and fauna. To the King family of Ockham Court, Surrey, for example, she sent a pimento tree (“a pretty ornament in my Lords [[Greenhouse|Green-house]]”) as well as myrtle and magnolia seeds, describing the latter as “the most beautiful of all trees.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 119&ndash;20, 139, 155&ndash;56, 162, 175&ndash;76, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> In a letter of 1760 to a friend in London, she described the extensive landscaping project she was overseeing at Belmont [[Plantation]]: “I am myself head gardener and I believe work much harder than most principal ones. We found it in ruins when we arrived from England, so that we have had a [[wood]] to clear, and indeed it was laid out in the [[ancient style|old taste]], so that I have been modernizing it which has afforded me much imployment.” Carrying out her work with precision, Pinckney complained of the mistaken felling of “one remarkable fine tree” planted by her husband, explaining that “Being a sort of enthusiast in my Veneration for fine trees, I look upon . . . an old oak with the reverencial [''sic''] Esteem of a Druid.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 185, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; re. Pinckney’s failed attempt to prevent the British from burning “certain Oak Trees of remarkable beauty” planted by her husband at Belmont, as described in Alexander Garden, ''Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War in America, with Sketches of Character of Persons the Most Distinguished, in the Southern States, for Civil and Military Services'' (Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1822), 268&ndash;69, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5CVQHMHV view on Zotero]; and Eliza Lucas Pinckney, “Letters of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1768&ndash;1782,” ed. Elise Pinckney, ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 76 (1975): 170, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/56EA7US6 view on Zotero].</ref> On a visit to South Carolina in 1791, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>George Washington<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </del>visited Pinckney and her family, who “arrayed [themselves] in sashes and bandeaux painted with the general’s portrait and mottoes of welcome.” When she died two years later, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[George </del>Washington<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|Washington]] </del>asked to serve as one of her pallbearers.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 311, 316, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; see also Constance Schulz, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry: A South Carolina Revolutionary-Era Mother and Daughter,” in ''South Carolina Women: Their Lives and Times'', ed. Marjorie Julian Spruill, Valinda Littlefield, and Joan Marie Johnson, 3 vols. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 1:101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MIVQQUQ6 view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon after returning to South Carolina in 1758, Pinckney’s husband died and she assumed responsibility for managing a number of his [[plantation]]s and other properties. She corresponded with an extensive network of friends across the Atlantic, to whom she occasionally sent distinctive South Carolina flora and fauna. To the King family of Ockham Court, Surrey, for example, she sent a pimento tree (“a pretty ornament in my Lords [[Greenhouse|Green-house]]”) as well as myrtle and magnolia seeds, describing the latter as “the most beautiful of all trees.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 119&ndash;20, 139, 155&ndash;56, 162, 175&ndash;76, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> In a letter of 1760 to a friend in London, she described the extensive landscaping project she was overseeing at Belmont [[Plantation]]: “I am myself head gardener and I believe work much harder than most principal ones. We found it in ruins when we arrived from England, so that we have had a [[wood]] to clear, and indeed it was laid out in the [[ancient style|old taste]], so that I have been modernizing it which has afforded me much imployment.” Carrying out her work with precision, Pinckney complained of the mistaken felling of “one remarkable fine tree” planted by her husband, explaining that “Being a sort of enthusiast in my Veneration for fine trees, I look upon. . . an old oak with the reverencial [''sic''] Esteem of a Druid.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 185, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; re. Pinckney’s failed attempt to prevent the British from burning “certain Oak Trees of remarkable beauty” planted by her husband at Belmont, as described in Alexander Garden, ''Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War in America, with Sketches of Character of Persons the Most Distinguished, in the Southern States, for Civil and Military Services'' (Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1822), 268&ndash;69, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5CVQHMHV view on Zotero]; and Eliza Lucas Pinckney, “Letters of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1768&ndash;1782,” ed. Elise Pinckney, ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 76 (1975): 170, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/56EA7US6 view on Zotero].</ref> On a visit to South Carolina in 1791, George Washington visited Pinckney and her family, who “arrayed [themselves] in sashes and bandeaux painted with the general’s portrait and mottoes of welcome.” When she died two years later, Washington asked to serve as one of her pallbearers.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 311, 316, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; see also Constance Schulz, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry: A South Carolina Revolutionary-Era Mother and Daughter,” in ''South Carolina Women: Their Lives and Times'', ed. Marjorie Julian Spruill, Valinda Littlefield, and Joan Marie Johnson, 3 vols. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 1:101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MIVQQUQ6 view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>—''Robyn Asleson''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>—''Robyn Asleson''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:“I . . . cant say one word on the other [[seat]]s I saw in this ramble, except the Count’s large double row of Oaks on each side the [[Avenue]] that leads to the house—which seemed designed by nature for pious meditation and friendly converse.”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:“I. . . cant say one word on the other [[seat]]s I saw in this ramble, except the Count’s large double row of Oaks on each side the [[Avenue]] that leads to the house—which seemed designed by nature for pious meditation and friendly converse.”</div></td></tr>
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</table>V-Federicihttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=36580&oldid=prevL-Baradel at 20:36, December 18, 20192019-12-18T20:36:11Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:36, December 18, 2019</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>Crowfield<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del>, are detailed in her letters.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as Crowfield, are detailed in her letters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, c. May 1743, in a letter to Miss Bartlett, describing <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>Crowfield<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del>, plantation of William Middleton, vicinity of Charleston, SC (1972: 61)<ref name="Pinckney_1972"></ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, c. May 1743, in a letter to Miss Bartlett, describing Crowfield, plantation of William Middleton, vicinity of Charleston, SC (1972: 61)<ref name="Pinckney_1972"></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:“The house stands a mile from, but in sight of the road, and makes a very hansoume appearance; as you draw nearer new beauties discover themselves, first the fruitful Vine manteling up the [[wall]] loading with delicious Clusters; next a spacious [[basin|bason]] in the midst of a large [[green]] presents itself as you enter the [[gate]] that leads to the house, which is neatly finished; the rooms well contrived and elegantly furnished. From the back door is a spacious [[walk]] a thousand foot long; each side of which nearest the house is a grass [[plat]] ennamiled in a Serpentine manner with flowers. Next to that on the right hand is what imediately struck my rural taste, a [[thicket]] of young tall live oaks where a variety of Airry Chorristers pour forth their melody; and my darling, the mocking bird, joyned in the artless Concert and inchanted me with his harmony. Opposite on the left hand is a large square [[bowling green|boleing green]] sunk a little below the level of the rest of the garden with a [[walk]] quite round composed of a double row of fine large flowering Laurel and Catulpas which form both shade and beauty.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:“The house stands a mile from, but in sight of the road, and makes a very hansoume appearance; as you draw nearer new beauties discover themselves, first the fruitful Vine manteling up the [[wall]] loading with delicious Clusters; next a spacious [[basin|bason]] in the midst of a large [[green]] presents itself as you enter the [[gate]] that leads to the house, which is neatly finished; the rooms well contrived and elegantly furnished. From the back door is a spacious [[walk]] a thousand foot long; each side of which nearest the house is a grass [[plat]] ennamiled in a Serpentine manner with flowers. Next to that on the right hand is what imediately struck my rural taste, a [[thicket]] of young tall live oaks where a variety of Airry Chorristers pour forth their melody; and my darling, the mocking bird, joyned in the artless Concert and inchanted me with his harmony. Opposite on the left hand is a large square [[bowling green|boleing green]] sunk a little below the level of the rest of the garden with a [[walk]] quite round composed of a double row of fine large flowering Laurel and Catulpas which form both shade and beauty.</div></td></tr>
</table>L-Baradelhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=35487&oldid=prevBchristen at 15:29, October 8, 20182018-10-08T15:29:15Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:29, October 8, 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as [[Crowfield]], are detailed in her letters.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as [[Crowfield]], are detailed in her letters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td></tr>
</table>Bchristenhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=35486&oldid=prevBchristen at 15:28, October 8, 20182018-10-08T15:28:32Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:28, October 8, 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Elizabeth “Eliza” Lucas Pinckney''' (December 28, 1722&ndash;May 26, 1793) managed several [[plantation]]s in South Carolina, including Wapoo and Belmont, where she laid out gardens. Her extensive correspondence includes descriptions of local houses and gardens. An agricultural innovator and amateur botanist, Pinckney was a pioneer in the American cultivation of indigo, which became South Carolina’s second most lucrative cash <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">crop (second </del>only to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rice) and </del>a crucial buttress to the colony’s faltering economy.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Elizabeth “Eliza” Lucas Pinckney''' (December 28, 1722&ndash;May 26, 1793) managed several [[plantation]]s in South Carolina, including Wapoo and Belmont, where she laid out gardens. Her extensive correspondence includes descriptions of local houses and gardens. An agricultural innovator and amateur botanist, Pinckney was a pioneer in the American cultivation of indigo, which became South Carolina’s second most lucrative cash <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">crop—second </ins>only to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rice—and </ins>a crucial buttress to the colony’s faltering economy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>Bchristenhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=35485&oldid=prevBchristen at 15:27, October 8, 20182018-10-08T15:27:33Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:27, October 8, 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''The Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as [[Crowfield]], are detailed in her letters.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''The Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as [[Crowfield]], are detailed in her letters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1744 Eliza Lucas married Charles Pinckney (1699&ndash;1758), a wealthy, widowed South Carolina lawyer and planter who shared her interest in horticulture and who promoted indigo cultivation in articles published under the pseudonym “Agricola.”<ref>Feeser 2013, 55, 57, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, 71&ndash;75, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]. For his career, see Walter B. Edgar and N. Louise Bailey, ''Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives'', 5 vols. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1977), 2:522&ndash;24, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G89DVTV3 view on Zotero].</ref> Continuing to act as her father’s agent, she embarked on fresh experiments, endeavoring to cultivate flax, hemp, and silk as well as foreign species of trees. For advice, she turned to Dr. [[Alexander Garden]], a family friend and pioneering South Carolina botanist.<ref>Feeser 2013, 101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Ben Marsh, “Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina,” ''Journal of South History'' 78 (2012): 807&ndash;54, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IGKXEP4T view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 102, 130&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]. </ref> Pinckney and her family left South Carolina for England in 1753. She arranged an audience at Kew Palace in order to present Princess Augusta&mdash; mother of the future King George III&mdash;with gifts indigenous to South Carolina, including birds (an indigo nonpareil and a yellow bird) and silk of her own cultivation.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;53, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero].</ref> On a tour to see “everything [that] was curious and Elegant” in Wiltshire, she visited several stately homes renowned for their gardens and [[park]]s, including Wilton House and Longford Castle. From her residence in Surrey, she often visited friends at Beddington Park, where magnificent Tudor-era gardens featuring [[orangery|orangeries]] and imported fruit trees had been updated a few decades earlier with a [[canal]] and radiating tree-lined [[avenue]]s.<ref>John Phillips, ''Beddington Park and the Grange Management Plan 2009&ndash;2014 Appendices'' (Sutton Parks Service, 2008), 5, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/AX2ABMR6 view on Zotero]; John Phillips and Nicholas Burnett, “The Chronology and Layout of Francis Carew’s Garden at Beddington, Surrey,” ''Garden History'' 33 (2005), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KRKJXS9I view on Zotero]; Ravenel 1896, 143&ndash;54, 157, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 77, 80, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon after returning to South Carolina in 1758, Pinckney’s husband died and she assumed responsibility for managing a number of his [[plantation]]s and other properties. She corresponded with an extensive network of friends across the Atlantic, to whom she occasionally sent distinctive South Carolina flora and fauna. To the King family of Ockham Court, Surrey, for example, she sent a pimento tree (“a pretty ornament in my Lords [[Greenhouse|Green-house]]”) as well as myrtle and magnolia seeds, describing the latter as “the most beautiful of all trees.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 119&ndash;20, 139, 155&ndash;56, 162, 175&ndash;76, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> In a letter of 1760 to a friend in London, she described the extensive landscaping project she was overseeing at Belmont [[Plantation]]: “I am myself head gardener and I believe work much harder than most principal ones. We found it in ruins when we arrived from England, so that we have had a [[wood]] to clear, and indeed it was laid out in the [[ancient style|old taste]], so that I have been modernizing it which has afforded me much imployment.” Carrying out her work with precision, Pinckney complained of the mistaken felling of “one remarkable fine tree” planted by her husband, explaining that “Being a sort of enthusiast in my Veneration for fine trees, I look upon . . . an old oak with the reverencial [''sic''] Esteem of a Druid.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 185, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; re. Pinckney’s failed attempt to prevent the British from burning “certain Oak Trees of remarkable beauty” planted by her husband at Belmont, as described in Alexander Garden, ''Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War in America, with Sketches of Character of Persons the Most Distinguished, in the Southern States, for Civil and Military Services'' (Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1822), 268&ndash;69, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5CVQHMHV view on Zotero]; and Eliza Lucas Pinckney, “Letters of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1768&ndash;1782,” ed. Elise Pinckney, ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 76 (1975): 170, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/56EA7US6 view on Zotero].</ref> On a visit to South Carolina in 1791, [[George Washington]] visited Pinckney and her family, who “arrayed [themselves] in sashes and bandeaux painted with the general’s portrait and mottoes of welcome.” When she died two years later, [[George Washington|Washington]] asked to serve as one of her pallbearers.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 311, 316, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; see also Constance Schulz, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry: A South Carolina Revolutionary-Era Mother and Daughter,” in ''South Carolina Women: Their Lives and Times'', ed. Marjorie Julian Spruill, Valinda Littlefield, and Joan Marie Johnson, 3 vols. (Athens <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and London</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>University of Georgia Press, 2009), 1:101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MIVQQUQ6 view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soon after returning to South Carolina in 1758, Pinckney’s husband died and she assumed responsibility for managing a number of his [[plantation]]s and other properties. She corresponded with an extensive network of friends across the Atlantic, to whom she occasionally sent distinctive South Carolina flora and fauna. To the King family of Ockham Court, Surrey, for example, she sent a pimento tree (“a pretty ornament in my Lords [[Greenhouse|Green-house]]”) as well as myrtle and magnolia seeds, describing the latter as “the most beautiful of all trees.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 119&ndash;20, 139, 155&ndash;56, 162, 175&ndash;76, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> In a letter of 1760 to a friend in London, she described the extensive landscaping project she was overseeing at Belmont [[Plantation]]: “I am myself head gardener and I believe work much harder than most principal ones. We found it in ruins when we arrived from England, so that we have had a [[wood]] to clear, and indeed it was laid out in the [[ancient style|old taste]], so that I have been modernizing it which has afforded me much imployment.” Carrying out her work with precision, Pinckney complained of the mistaken felling of “one remarkable fine tree” planted by her husband, explaining that “Being a sort of enthusiast in my Veneration for fine trees, I look upon . . . an old oak with the reverencial [''sic''] Esteem of a Druid.”<ref>Pinckney 1972, 185, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; re. Pinckney’s failed attempt to prevent the British from burning “certain Oak Trees of remarkable beauty” planted by her husband at Belmont, as described in Alexander Garden, ''Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War in America, with Sketches of Character of Persons the Most Distinguished, in the Southern States, for Civil and Military Services'' (Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1822), 268&ndash;69, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5CVQHMHV view on Zotero]; and Eliza Lucas Pinckney, “Letters of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1768&ndash;1782,” ed. Elise Pinckney, ''South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 76 (1975): 170, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/56EA7US6 view on Zotero].</ref> On a visit to South Carolina in 1791, [[George Washington]] visited Pinckney and her family, who “arrayed [themselves] in sashes and bandeaux painted with the general’s portrait and mottoes of welcome.” When she died two years later, [[George Washington|Washington]] asked to serve as one of her pallbearers.<ref>Ravenel 1896, 311, 316, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; see also Constance Schulz, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry: A South Carolina Revolutionary-Era Mother and Daughter,” in ''South Carolina Women: Their Lives and Times'', ed. Marjorie Julian Spruill, Valinda Littlefield, and Joan Marie Johnson, 3 vols. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 1:101, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MIVQQUQ6 view on Zotero].</ref> </div></td></tr>
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</table>Bchristenhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=35171&oldid=prevBchristen: <hr>2018-09-20T17:14:55Z<p><hr></p>
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</table>Bchristenhttps://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title=Eliza_Lucas_Pinckney&diff=31907&oldid=prevE-athens at 15:48, February 6, 20182018-02-06T15:48:28Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''The South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''The Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''The Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''The South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as [[Crowfield]], are detailed in her letters.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born to expatriate English parents living on the West Indian island of Antigua, Eliza Lucas received a classical education in London.<ref>Harriet Simons Williams, “Eliza Lucas and Her Family: Before the Letterbook,” ''The South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 99, no. 3 (July 1998): 259&ndash;79, 265&ndash;68, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> In about 1739 she and her family relocated to South Carolina, where her father had inherited a [[plantation]] on Wappoo Creek, near Charleston.<ref>For evidence regarding the date of the family’s arrival in America, see Williams 1998, 268&ndash;77, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FT66IBDR view on Zotero].</ref> Recalled to Antigua shortly thereafter, he entrusted the responsibility of managing Wappoo [[Plantation]] and two much larger Carolina estates to his sixteen-year-old daughter. She later recalled his assurance that she could channel her fondness for “the vegetable world” into “something of real and public utility, If I could bring to perfection the plants of other Countries which he would procure me.”<ref>Eliza Lucas Pinckney, ''The Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739&ndash;1762'', ed. Elise Pinckney (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) 8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero]; see also David L. Coon, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney and the Reintroduction of Indigo Culture in South Carolina,” ''The Journal of Southern History'' 42 (1976): 66, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero]; Christopher P. Iannini, ''Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2ZGRU793 view on Zotero]; Barbara L. Bellows, “Eliza Lucas Pinckney: The Evolution of an Icon,” ''The South Carolina Historical Magazine'' 106 (2005): 147–65, 152, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/I5WWSVB9 view on Zotero].</ref> Armed with her father’s collection of books and the seeds he sent from Antigua for trial growth, she experimented with ginger, cotton, cassava, and alfalfa before producing a successful crop of indigo (''Indigofera tinctoria''), an export commodity that was in great demand in Britain for its use as a blue dye.<ref> Andrea Feeser, ''Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life'' (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013), 103&ndash;104, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CRJZJRNF view on Zotero]; Joyce E. Chaplin, ''An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730&ndash;1815'' (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 152, 192, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ER3AQKMJ view on Zotero]; Coon 1976, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J262NVUJ view on Zotero].</ref> She also carried out landscape improvements at Wappoo, laying out a fig [[orchard]], [[grove]]s of oak and cedar trees, and a garden where she strolled each morning.<ref>Harriott Horry Ravenel, ''Eliza Pinckney'' (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 5, 31&ndash;32, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/P6XKAXAP view on Zotero]; Pinckney 1972, 7, 34&ndash;36, 38, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref> These and other agricultural projects, together with political and local events and social calls to neighboring houses, such as [[Crowfield]], are detailed in her letters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l10" >Line 10:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>—''Robyn Asleson''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>—''Robyn Asleson''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><hr></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Texts==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Texts==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, 1742, in a letter to Miss Bartlett, describing Wappoo Plantation, property of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, Charleston, SC (1972: 35)<ref name="Pinckney_1972"> Pinckney 1972, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, 1742, in a letter to Miss Bartlett, describing Wappoo Plantation, property of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, Charleston, SC (1972: 35)<ref name="Pinckney_1972"> Pinckney 1972, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/EBQQ2RAU view on Zotero].</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l38" >Line 38:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 38:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:“I will endeavor to make amends and not only send the Seeds but plant a [[nursery]] here to be sent you in plants at 2 years old.”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:“I will endeavor to make amends and not only send the Seeds but plant a [[nursery]] here to be sent you in plants at 2 years old.”</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><hr></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other Resources==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other Resources==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l46" >Line 46:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 48:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://src6.cas.sc.edu/poelp/ The Digital Edition of Eliza Lucas Pinckney & Harriott Pinckney Horry, 1739&ndash;1830]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://src6.cas.sc.edu/poelp/ The Digital Edition of Eliza Lucas Pinckney & Harriott Pinckney Horry, 1739&ndash;1830]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><hr></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Notes==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Notes==</div></td></tr>
</table>E-athens