Temple - Revision history

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2021-04-01T14:29:08Z

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A-Whitlock at 14:16, March 31, 2021

2021-03-31T14:16:21Z

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2021-03-29T16:23:04Z

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2021-03-04T11:02:24Z

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V-Federici at 14:11, January 14, 2021

2021-01-14T14:11:41Z

@@ Line 258: / Line 258: @@
 Image:2112.jpg|James Fuller Queen, '''''Temple''' in Pratt’s Garden on the Schuylkill'', recto, 1840.
-Image:2113.jpg|James Fuller Queen, ''Temple in Pratt’s garden on the Schuylkill'', verso, 1840.
+Image:2113.jpg|James Fuller Queen, '''''Temple''' in Pratt’s garden on the Schuylkill'', verso, 1840.
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:28, April 1, 2021
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	Image:2112.jpg\|James Fuller Queen, '''''Temple''' in Pratt’s Garden on the Schuylkill'', recto, 1840.		Image:2112.jpg\|James Fuller Queen, '''''Temple''' in Pratt’s Garden on the Schuylkill'', recto, 1840.
		+
		+	Image:2113.jpg\|James Fuller Queen, ''Temple in Pratt’s garden on the Schuylkill'', verso, 1840.

	</gallery>		</gallery>

@@ Line 246: / Line 246: @@
 Image:0429.jpg|[[Thomas Jefferson]], A '''temple''' for a garden at [[Monticello]] (after Gibbs), c. 1780.
-Image:0100.jpg|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College, 1792. “The '''Temples''' of Cloacina. . . I would wish to have concealed as much as possible. . .”
+Image:0100.jpg|John Trumbull, Plan for Old Brick Rowe, 1793. “The '''Temples''' of Cloacina. . . I would wish to have concealed as much as possible. . .”
-Image:0100_detail.jpg|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College [detail], 1792.
+Image:0100_detail.jpg|John Trumbull, Plan for Old Brick Rowe [detail], 1792.
 Image:0090b.jpg|[[Thomas Jefferson]], Letter describing plans for a “Garden Olitory” [detail], c. 1804. “The best way of forming [[thicket]] will be to plant it in [[labyrinth]] spirally. . . a '''temple'''. . . may be in the center”

@@ Line 295: / Line 295: @@
 Image:0009_detail2.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at [[Belfield]] [detail], November 22, 1815.
-Image:0044.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], ''View of the garden at [[Belfield]]'', 1816.
+Image:0044.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], ''[[View]] of the garden at [[Belfield]]'', 1816.
 Image:0646.jpg|Anonymous, “Montpelier, Va., the Seat of the late James Madison,” 1835.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, March 17, 2021
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	Image:0100.jpg\|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College, 1792. “The '''Temples''' of Cloacina. . . I would wish to have concealed as much as possible. . .”		Image:0100.jpg\|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College, 1792. “The '''Temples''' of Cloacina. . . I would wish to have concealed as much as possible. . .”
		+
		+	Image:0100_detail.jpg\|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College [detail], 1792.

	Image:0090b.jpg\|[[Thomas Jefferson]], Letter describing plans for a “Garden Olitory” [detail], c. 1804. “The best way of forming [[thicket]] will be to plant it in [[labyrinth]] spirally. . . a '''temple'''. . . may be in the center”		Image:0090b.jpg\|[[Thomas Jefferson]], Letter describing plans for a “Garden Olitory” [detail], c. 1804. “The best way of forming [[thicket]] will be to plant it in [[labyrinth]] spirally. . . a '''temple'''. . . may be in the center”

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 Image:1711.jpg|William and John Halfpenny, “The Plan and Elivation of a '''Temple''', or [[Summerhouse|Summer House]], on a Tarras, In the [[Chinese_manner|Chinese]] Taste,” in ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste'' (1755), pl. 44.
 Image:0429.jpg|[[Thomas Jefferson]], A '''temple''' for a garden at [[Monticello]] (after Gibbs), c. 1780.
@@ Line 265: / Line 262: @@
 Image:0074.jpg|[[Thomas Jefferson]], Plan showing the rectangular flower [[bed]]s and proposed temples at the corners of the [[terrace]] [[walk]]s at [[Monticello]], before August 4, 1772.
 Image:0587.jpg|Anonymous, ''Plan of the Harbour and City of Annapolis'', 1781.

@@ Line 244: / Line 244: @@
 Image:1711.jpg|William and John Halfpenny, “The Plan and Elivation of a '''Temple''', or [[Summerhouse|Summer House]], on a Tarras, In the [[Chinese_manner|Chinese]] Taste,” in ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste'' (1755), pl. 44.
 Image:0429.jpg|[[Thomas Jefferson]], A '''temple''' for a garden at [[Monticello]] (after Gibbs), c. 1780.
@@ Line 277: / Line 279: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
 Image:1744.jpg|[[James Gibbs]], “Four [[Summerhouse|Summer-houses]] in form of Temples,” in ''A Book of Architecture, containing designs of buildings and ornaments'' (1728), pl. 79.
 Image:0075.jpg|[[Thomas Jefferson]], Design for a garden temple and [[dovecote]] at [[Monticello]], c. 1778.

@@ Line 300: / Line 300: @@
 Image:0959.jpg|Anonymous, “The [[Shrubbery]] and [[Flower_garden|Flower Garden]],” in ''Cultivator'' 5, no. 4 (April 1848): 114.
-Image:0853.jpg|c. 1850, Historic Hudson Valley
+Image:0853.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''Octagonal Garden Structure for [[Montgomery Place]]'', c. 1850
 Image:0843.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], [[Montgomery Place]], n.d.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 [[File:0075.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 3, [[Thomas Jefferson]], Design for a garden temple and [[dovecote]] at [[Monticello]], c. 1778.]]
-The temple in its classical form became an icon of the American republic. The association of Roman virtue with agriculture resulted from the 18th-century rediscovery of ancient texts by Virgil and Pliny the Younger, who had written about husbandry, villas, and [[plantation]]s. Early Americans embraced classical republican imagery in the design of their gardens, which reaffirmed the agrarian ideal through the use of ornament and inscription, as well as through the celebration of the farm and garden. At [[Gray’s Garden]] in Philadelphia, a “federal” temple was built to celebrate the ratification of the Constitution. The structure was composed of a rotunda in which the interior space was defined by thirteen [[column]]s representing the thirteen original colonies. Patriotic interpretations of the classical temple form were also to be found in private gardens. For example, [[Charles Willson Peale|Peale’s]] [[Belfield]] also had a classical temple with thirteen [[column]]s, which was surmounted by a bust of [[George Washington]] in place of a traditional Roman one.
+The temple in its classical form became an icon of the American republic. The association of Roman virtue with agriculture resulted from the 18th-century rediscovery of ancient texts by Virgil and Pliny the Younger, who had written about husbandry, villas, and [[plantation]]s. Early Americans embraced classical republican imagery in the design of their gardens, which reaffirmed the agrarian ideal through the use of ornament and inscription, as well as through the celebration of the farm and garden. At [[Gray’s Garden]] in Philadelphia, a “federal” temple was built to celebrate the ratification of the Constitution. The structure was composed of a rotunda in which the interior space was defined by thirteen [[column]]s representing the thirteen original colonies. Patriotic interpretations of the classical temple form were also to be found in private gardens. For example, [[Charles Willson Peale|Peale’s]] [[Belfield]] also had a classical temple with thirteen [[column]]s, which was surmounted by a bust of George Washington in place of a traditional Roman one.
 [[File:1229.jpg|thumb|Fig. 4, [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]], Houses and a church. Garden temple elevations and floor plan, c. 1795–99.]]
 At Grants Hill in Pittsburgh, small temples were built, each in a different order of architecture. [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] likewise planned several temples for his [[plantation]] at [[Monticello]] of varying stylistic forms—Chinese, Gothic, and classical. Some of these designs exemplify [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson’s]] interest in archaeology while others illustrate his highly imaginative recreations of historical styles. [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] relied upon his excellent library of architectural treatises for models, and for some projects he copied elements from the Lantern of Demosthenes, the temple at Chiswick by Lord Burlington, and the Chinese pagoda at Kew Gardens. In another instance, he invented a Gothic variant for a design.<ref>William L. Beiswanger, “The Temple in the Garden: Thomas Jefferson’s Vision of the Monticello Landscape,” ''Eighteenth Century Life'' 8 (January 1983): 170–88, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/849ZBZWI view on Zotero].</ref>
-Temples also varied widely in scale. The Temple of Solitude at the Friends Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford, Pennsylvania, was intended, presumably, for one person to occupy alone. [[Vauxhall Garden]] in New York, on the other hand, featured another nationally inspired temple, the Grand Temple of Independence, which was an impressive twenty feet in diameter, the same in height, and was crowned by a bust of [[George Washington]]. The temple type was at times used either to decorate or to disguise utilitarian structures; examples include the [[icehouse]] at Montpelier, the [[dovecote]] [Fig. 3] and out-chamber at [[Monticello]] [<span id="Fig_6_cite"></span>[[#Fig_6|See Fig. 6]]], and [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe|Latrobe’s]] garden temple [Fig. 4]. As [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] instructed, temples often were isolated in the garden, placed on top of [[mount]]s, or in [[wood]]s that were gloomy and evergreen. One such example is an 1804 sketch by [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] for the location at [[Monticello]] of a temple (or a [[seat]]) at the center of a spiral [[labyrinth]] [<span id="Fig_7_cite"></span>[[#Fig_7|See Fig. 7]]]. Another example, a “rustic temple,” published in the ''Horticulturist'' in 1847, is shown at the edge of the [[lake]] at [[Montgomery Place]] in Dutchess County, New York [<span id="Fig_10_cite"></span>[[#Fig_10|see Fig. 10]]]. With this type of siting, temples provided a retreat for meditation. In the novel ''Wieland, or The Transformation, An American Tale'' (1798), the temple was placed at the top of a rock, far from the house. It was a place of resort and instruction and held a harpsichord and a piece of sculpture.
+Temples also varied widely in scale. The Temple of Solitude at the Friends Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford, Pennsylvania, was intended, presumably, for one person to occupy alone. [[Vauxhall Garden]] in New York, on the other hand, featured another nationally inspired temple, the Grand Temple of Independence, which was an impressive twenty feet in diameter, the same in height, and was crowned by a bust of George Washington. The temple type was at times used either to decorate or to disguise utilitarian structures; examples include the [[icehouse]] at Montpelier, the [[dovecote]] [Fig. 3] and out-chamber at [[Monticello]] [<span id="Fig_6_cite"></span>[[#Fig_6|See Fig. 6]]], and [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe|Latrobe’s]] garden temple [Fig. 4]. As [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] instructed, temples often were isolated in the garden, placed on top of [[mount]]s, or in [[wood]]s that were gloomy and evergreen. One such example is an 1804 sketch by [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] for the location at [[Monticello]] of a temple (or a [[seat]]) at the center of a spiral [[labyrinth]] [<span id="Fig_7_cite"></span>[[#Fig_7|See Fig. 7]]]. Another example, a “rustic temple,” published in the ''Horticulturist'' in 1847, is shown at the edge of the [[lake]] at [[Montgomery Place]] in Dutchess County, New York [<span id="Fig_10_cite"></span>[[#Fig_10|see Fig. 10]]]. With this type of siting, temples provided a retreat for meditation. In the novel ''Wieland, or The Transformation, An American Tale'' (1798), the temple was placed at the top of a rock, far from the house. It was a place of resort and instruction and held a harpsichord and a piece of sculpture.
 The term “temple” was often used interchangeably with “[[pavilion]],” “pleasure” or “garden house,” and “[[summerhouse]],” all referring to lightweight structures within the garden or landscape (see [[Pavilion]], [[Pleasure ground]], and [[Summerhouse]]). Like them, the temple served as a viewing platform, as a visual punctuation in the garden scene, and as a shelter and resting place within the landscape.