Pleasure ground/Pleasure garden - Revision history

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@@ Line 276: / Line 276: @@
 Image:0376.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of the foregoing grounds as a Country [[Seat]], after ten years’ improvement,” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 114, fig. 24.
-Image:0377.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Mansion Residence, laid out in the [[natural style]]” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 115, fig. 25. Pleasure grounds are at ''f, g, h''.
+Image:0377.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Mansion Residence, laid out in the [[natural style]]” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 115, fig. 25. Pleasure grounds are at ''g'' and ''h''.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 276: / Line 276: @@
 Image:0376.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of the foregoing grounds as a Country [[Seat]], after ten years’ improvement,” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 114, fig. 24.
-Image:0377.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Mansion Residence, laid out in the [[natural style]]” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 115, fig. 25.
+Image:0377.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Mansion Residence, laid out in the [[natural style]]” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 115, fig. 25. Pleasure grounds are at ''f, g, h''.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 238: / Line 238: @@
 Image:0023.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public garden/Public ground|Public Grounds]] at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.
-Image:0023_detail6.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public_ground|Public Grounds]] at Washington'' [detail], 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland.
+Image:0023_detail6.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public_ground|Public Grounds]] at Washington'' [detail], 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 234: / Line 234: @@
 Image:0378.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Suburban Villa Residence” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 118, fig. 26. “'''Pleasure ground'''” is marked as b.
-Image:1967.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the Public Grounds at Washington'', 1851.
+Image:1967.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public garden/Public ground|Public Grounds]] at Washington'', 1851.
-Image:0023.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the Public Grounds at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.
+Image:0023.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public garden/Public ground|Public Grounds]] at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.
 Image:0023_detail6.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public_ground|Public Grounds]] at Washington'' [detail], 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland.

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
-[[File:0301.jpg|thumb|Fig. 9, William Russell Birch, “View from [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont Pennsyl.<sup>a</sup>]] the Seat of Judge Peters,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 16.]]
+[[File:0301.jpg|thumb|Fig. 9, William Russell Birch, “[[View]] from [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont]] Pennsyl.<sup>a</sup> the [[Seat]] of Judge Peters,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 16.]]
 *[[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing, Andrew Jackson]], 1849, describing [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont]], estate of Judge [[William Peters]], near Philadelphia, PA (1849: 42–43)<ref name="Downing 1849"></ref>
 :“Its proprietor had a most extended reputation as a scientific agriculturist, and his place was also no less remarkable for the design and culture of its '''pleasure-grounds''', than for the excellence of its farm. Long and stately [[avenue]]s, with [[vista]]s terminated by [[obelisk]]s, a garden adorned with marble [[vase]]s, busts, and [[statue]]s, and '''pleasure grounds''' filled with the rarest trees and [[shrub]]s, were conspicuous features here.” [Fig. 9]
@@ Line 252: / Line 252: @@
 Image:0304.jpg|William Russell Birch, “[[The Woodlands|Woodlands]] the [[Seat]] of M.<sup>r</sup> W.<sup>m</sup> Hamilton Pennsylv.<sup>a</sup>,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 14.
-Image:0301.jpg|William Russell Birch, “[[View]] from [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont Pennsyl.<sup>a</sup>]] the [[Seat]] of Judge Peters,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 16.
+Image:0301.jpg|William Russell Birch, “[[View]] from [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont]] Pennsyl.<sup>a</sup> the [[Seat]] of Judge Peters,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 16.
 Image:1176.jpg|Eliza Susan Quincy, ''[[View]] of the [[seat]] of Edmund Quincy Esqr.'', 1822.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:19, October 8, 2020
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	Image:0935.jpg\|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” and '''Pleasure Ground''', in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.		Image:0935.jpg\|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” and '''Pleasure Ground''', in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
−
−	~~File:1303.jpg\|John Warner Barber, “North-western [[view]] in the central part of the Village of Roxbury,” in ''Historical Collections'' (1844), 483.~~

	Image:1097.jpg\|Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the '''Pleasure Grounds''' and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] at Philadelphia,” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280. “Gentlemens '''Pleasure Grounds'''” to the far right of the plan. “Ladies '''Pleasure Grounds'''” just right of the hospital buildings.		Image:1097.jpg\|Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the '''Pleasure Grounds''' and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] at Philadelphia,” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280. “Gentlemens '''Pleasure Grounds'''” to the far right of the plan. “Ladies '''Pleasure Grounds'''” just right of the hospital buildings.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 Although defined with slight variations in treatises, the pleasure ground was consistently associated with beauty, order, and the improvement of nature. As such, the feature was promoted frequently as an ideal complement to a well-designed house, as <span id="Latrobe1_cite"></span>[[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]] insisted in 1805 ([[#Latrobe1|view text]]). Typically located in close proximity to the house, the pleasure ground was visible and easily accessible from prominent rooms of the house. British landscape designer <span id="Repton_cite"></span>Humphry Repton occasionally described the pleasure ground as “dressed,” which underscores the term’s reference to an improved part of the landscape ([[#Repton|view text]]).
-[[File:0973.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, Pierre Pharoux, “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. The pleasure ground is located to the left of the grid town plan.]]
+[[File:0973.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, [[Pierre Pharoux]], “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. The pleasure ground is located to the left of the grid town plan.]]
 Pleasure ground was also a term applied to [[public garden]]s [Fig. 1]. The term implied both ornament and outdoor enjoyment, explaining its frequent use in relation to urban [[park]]s. Assigning the term to such spaces signaled that they were treated aesthetically, designed in accord with principles used in private grounds. This parallel was relevant particularly for spaces that had been formerly utilitarian. For example, when [[Boston Common]] was redesigned into a public [[park]], various contemporary speakers described the resulting space as a pleasure ground in order to reaffirm its shift in use from a site for husbandry to one of public amusement and enjoyment.<ref>Also see A. J. Downing’s writings between 1850 and 1851 about public parks and his plans for the National Mall in Washington, DC. The latter included a pleasure ground in front of the Smithsonian Institution, to be filled with ornamental plantings and a monumental park.</ref> [[Common]]s, in fact, typically had been used for activities such as grazing or bivouacking.
@@ Line 224: / Line 224: @@
 <gallery>
-Image:0973.jpg|Pierre Pharoux, “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. “'''Pleasure ground'''” is inscribed on the left of the plan.
+Image:0973.jpg|[[Pierre Pharoux]], “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. “'''Pleasure ground'''” is inscribed on the left of the plan.
 Image:1371.jpg|[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon]], "''The '''pleasure-ground'''''", in ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', 4th ed. (1826), 1021, fig. 719.

@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
 Image:0973.jpg|Pierre Pharoux, “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. “'''Pleasure ground'''” is inscribed on the left of the plan.
-Image:1371.jpg|[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon]], Plan of a '''pleasure-ground''' with [[labyrinth]], in ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', 4th ed. (1826), 1021, fig. 719.
+Image:1371.jpg|[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon]], "''The '''pleasure-ground'''''", in ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', 4th ed. (1826), 1021, fig. 719.
 Image:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” and '''Pleasure Ground''', in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.

@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
-*[[C. M. (Charles Mason) Hovey|Hovey, C. M. (Charles Mason)]], December 1849, describing Oatlands, residence of D. F. Manice, Hempstead, NY (''Magazine of Horticulture'' 15: 529)<ref>Charles Mason Hovey, “Notes of a Visit to Oatlands, Hempstead, L.I., N.Y., the Residence of D. F. Manice, Esq.,” ''Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs'' 15, no. 12 (December 1849): 529–33, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ZIRK5R8N view on Zotero].</ref>
+*Hovey, C. M. (Charles Mason), December 1849, describing Oatlands, residence of D. F. Manice, Hempstead, NY (''Magazine of Horticulture'' 15: 529)<ref>Charles Mason Hovey, “Notes of a Visit to Oatlands, Hempstead, L.I., N.Y., the Residence of D. F. Manice, Esq.,” ''Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs'' 15, no. 12 (December 1849): 529–33, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ZIRK5R8N view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“The house is a handsome building, in a kind of castellated gothic, standing about fifty feet from the road, with the [[conservatory]] and [[hothouse]], and [[flower garden]] on the left,—the [[kitchen garden]] and forcing-houses on the right,—and the [[lawn]] and '''pleasure ground''', in the rear of the house, separating it from the [[park]].”
@@ Line 224: / Line 224: @@
 <gallery>
-Image:0973.jpg|Pierre Pharoux, “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. “Pleasure ground” is inscribed on the left of the plan.
+Image:0973.jpg|Pierre Pharoux, “Plan of Tivoli Laid Out into Town Lots” [detail], NY, 1795. “'''Pleasure ground'''” is inscribed on the left of the plan.
-Image:1371.jpg|[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon]], Plan of a pleasure-ground with [[labyrinth]], in ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', 4th ed. (1826), 1021, fig. 719.
+Image:1371.jpg|[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon]], Plan of a '''pleasure-ground''' with [[labyrinth]], in ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', 4th ed. (1826), 1021, fig. 719.
-Image:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” and Pleasure Ground, in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
+Image:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” and '''Pleasure Ground''', in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
-File:1303.jpg|John Warner Barber, “North-western view in the central part of the Village of Roxbury,” in ''Historical Collections'' (1844), 483.
+File:1303.jpg|John Warner Barber, “North-western [[view]] in the central part of the Village of Roxbury,” in ''Historical Collections'' (1844), 483.
-Image:1097.jpg|Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the Pleasure Grounds and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] at Philadelphia,” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280. “Gentlemens Pleasure Grounds” to the far right of the plan. “Ladies Pleasure Grounds” just right of the hospital buildings.
+Image:1097.jpg|Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the '''Pleasure Grounds''' and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] at Philadelphia,” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280. “Gentlemens '''Pleasure Grounds'''” to the far right of the plan. “Ladies '''Pleasure Grounds'''” just right of the hospital buildings.
-Image:0378.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Suburban Villa Residence” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 118, fig. 26. “Pleasure ground” is marked as b.
+Image:0378.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Suburban Villa Residence” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 118, fig. 26. “'''Pleasure ground'''” is marked as b.
 Image:1967.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the Public Grounds at Washington'', 1851.
-Image:0023.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the Public Grounds at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867. “Smithsonian Pleasure Grounds” is inscribed bellow “Smithsonian Institution.”
+Image:0023.jpg|[[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the Public Grounds at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867. “Smithsonian '''Pleasure Grounds'''” is inscribed bellow “Smithsonian Institution.”
 </gallery>
@@ Line 245: / Line 245: @@
 <gallery>
-Image:0153.jpg|John Drayton, ''A View of the Battery and Harbour of New York, and the Ambuscade Frigate'', 1794.
+Image:0153.jpg|John Drayton, ''A [[View]] of the Battery and Harbour of New York, and the Ambuscade Frigate'', 1794.
 Image:0099.jpg|[[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]], Sketch plan for landscaping the grounds of the President’s House, c. 1802—5.
-Image:0304.jpg|William Russell Birch, “[[The Woodlands|Woodlands]] the Seat of M.<sup>r</sup> W.<sup>m</sup> Hamilton Pennsylv.<sup>a</sup>,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 14.
+Image:0304.jpg|William Russell Birch, “[[The Woodlands|Woodlands]] the [[Seat]] of M.<sup>r</sup> W.<sup>m</sup> Hamilton Pennsylv.<sup>a</sup>,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 14.
-Image:0301.jpg|William Russell Birch, “View from [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont Pennsyl.<sup>a</sup>]] the Seat of Judge Peters,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 16.
+Image:0301.jpg|William Russell Birch, “[[View]] from [[Belmont_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Belmont Pennsyl.<sup>a</sup>]] the [[Seat]] of Judge Peters,” in ''The Country Seats of the United States of North America'' (1808), pl. 16.
-Image:1176.jpg|Eliza Susan Quincy, ''View of the seat of Edmund Quincy Esqr.'', 1822.
+Image:1176.jpg|Eliza Susan Quincy, ''[[View]] of the [[seat]] of Edmund Quincy Esqr.'', 1822.
 Image:1101.jpg|Anonymous, “Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane,” ''American Magazine for Useful and Entertaining Knowledge'' 1, no. 1 (September 1834): 6.
-Image:0849.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''View in Grounds at Blithewood, Seat of Robt. Donaldson, Dutchess Co. Hud[son] riv[er]. N.Y.'', 1840.
+Image:0849.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''[[View]] in Grounds at [[Blithewood]], [[Seat]] of Robt. Donaldson, Dutchess Co. Hud[son] riv[er]. N.Y.'', 1840.
-Image:0355.jpg|Anonymous, “View in the Grounds at Hyde Park” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 45, fig. 1.
+Image:0355.jpg|Anonymous, “[[View]] in the Grounds at [[Hyde Park (on the Hudson River, NY)|Hyde Park]]” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 45, fig. 1.
 Image:0360.jpg|Anonymous, “Kenwood, Residence of J. Rathbone, Esq. near Albany, N.Y.” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 50, fig. 9.
@@ Line 267: / Line 267: @@
 Image:0365.jpg|Anonymous, “Mr. Dunn’s Cottage, [[Mount]] Holly, N. J.” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), pl. opp. 54, fig. 11.
-Image:0367.jpg|Anonymous, “View in the Grounds of James Arnold, Esq.” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), pl. opp. 57.
+Image:0367.jpg|Anonymous, “[[View]] in the Grounds of James Arnold, Esq.” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), pl. opp. 57.
-Image:0368.jpg|Anonymous, “The Seat of George Sheaff, Esq.” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), pl. between 58 and 59, fig. 12.
+Image:0368.jpg|Anonymous, “The [[Seat]] of George Sheaff, Esq.” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), pl. between 58 and 59, fig. 12.
 Image:0369.jpg|Anonymous, “Mrs. Camac’s Residence,” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), pl. between 58 and 59, fig. 13.
-Image:0376.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of the foregoing grounds as a Country Seat, after ten years’ improvement,” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 114, fig. 24.
+Image:0376.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of the foregoing grounds as a Country [[Seat]], after ten years’ improvement,” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 114, fig. 24.
 Image:0377.jpg|Anonymous, “Plan of a Mansion Residence, laid out in the [[natural style]]” in [[Andrew Jackson Downing|A. J. Downing]], ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', 4th ed. (1849), 115, fig. 25.
@@ Line 286: / Line 286: @@
 Image:0557.jpg|Sarony & Major, ''Iranistan, an Oriental Ville'', 1852—54.
-File:2099.jpg|Anonymous, “Lemon Hill,” in M. M. Ballou, ed., ''Ballou’s Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion'' 8, no. 19 (May 12, 1855): 297.
+File:2099.jpg|Anonymous, “[[Lemon Hill]],” in M. M. Ballou, ed., ''Ballou’s Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion'' 8, no. 19 (May 12, 1855): 297.
 </gallery>