Lemon Hill - Revision history

M-westerby at 14:17, September 1, 2021

2021-09-01T14:17:36Z

A-whitlock at 14:13, September 1, 2021

2021-09-01T14:13:04Z

M-westerby at 18:15, August 24, 2021

2021-08-24T18:15:46Z

M-westerby at 18:04, August 24, 2021

2021-08-24T18:04:40Z

M-westerby at 18:04, August 24, 2021

2021-08-24T18:04:02Z

V-Federici at 14:51, March 25, 2021

2021-03-25T14:51:30Z

V-Federici at 14:20, December 9, 2020

2020-12-09T14:20:57Z

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V-Federici at 14:58, August 3, 2020

2020-08-03T14:58:01Z

V-Federici: /* Images */

2020-07-06T14:44:00Z

Images

V-Federici at 14:41, July 6, 2020

2020-07-06T14:41:48Z

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 |External link URL=http://www.lemonhill.org/
 |External link text=Lemon Hill Official Website
 }}
 }}
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 File:2110.jpg|James Fuller Queen, ''Lemon Hill May 17th ’55'', May 17 1855.
 </gallery>
 <hr>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, September 1, 2021
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	Image:1999.jpg\|Benjamin R. Evans, ''Lemon Hill'', c. 1880.		Image:1999.jpg\|Benjamin R. Evans, ''Lemon Hill'', c. 1880.
		+
		+	File:2110.jpg\|James Fuller Queen, ''Lemon Hill May 17th ’55'', May 17 1855.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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 |Associated people={{Associated person
 |Name=John McAran
-|Role=Gardener
+|Role=Landscape gardener
 |From Present=No
 |From Circa=No

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 |Established Circa End=No
 |Established Questionable End=No
-|Through Present=No
+|Through Present=Yes
 |Through Circa=No
 |Through Concurrence=Exact

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 See also: [[Springettsbury]], [[The Hills]]
 '''Lemon Hill''' was the [[Schuylkill River]] estate of the Philadelphia merchant [[Henry Pratt]] (1761&ndash;1838). [[Henry Pratt|Pratt]] purchased the property, which comprised the southern portion of [[Robert Morris|Robert Morris's]] (1734&ndash;1806) [[The Hills]], in 1799. Under [[Henry Pratt|Pratt's]] ownership, Lemon Hill was known for its [[geometric style|geometric-style]] gardens and extensive [[greenhouse]] and [[hothouse]] complex. In 1855 Lemon Hill became part of the newly formed Fairmount Park, where the house still stands and operates as a historic site.
 <hr>
@@ Line 171: / Line 266: @@
 ==Other Resources==
 [http://tclf.org/landscapes/fairmount-park The Cultural Landscape Foundation]
 <hr>

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 <span id="Wailes_cite"></span>The gardens at Lemon Hill were elaborately designed, featuring a circular [[grotto]] and numerous [[summerhouse]]s adorned with marble [[statue]]s, goldfish [[pond]]s, [[fountain]]s, [[cascade]]s, and [[bower]]s ([[#Wailes|view text]]), <span id="Downing 1849_cite"></span>as well as [[trellis|trellises]], springhouses, and [[temple]]s such as the one drawn by James Fuller Queen in 1840 ([[#Downing 1849|view text]]) [Fig. 2]. <span id="Boyd_cite"></span>According to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, flower [[border]]s along the [[walk]]s at Lemon Hill were interspersed with evergreens and flowering plants, including many exotic warm-weather varieties that were able to “bear the winter with a little straw covering” ([[#Boyd|view text]]). <span id="Downing 1849_cite"></span>Writing in 1849, [[Andrew Jackson Downing]] claimed that Lemon Hill had been “the most perfect specimen of the [[geometric style|geometric mode]] in America” during the 1820s, and that its gardens had exhibited “all the symmetry, uniformity, and high art of the old school” ([[#Downing 1849|view text]]). However, even decades before [[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing]] penned these words, some already considered the [[geometric style|geometric]] or [[French style|French mode]] of landscape design to be old-fashioned; <span id="Watson_cite"></span>indeed, in 1816 the British naval officer Captain Joshua Rowley Watson complained that the grounds at Lemon Hill were “too much after the [[French style|French manner]] of [[pleasure garden]]s” for his taste ([[#Watson|view text]]).
-[[Image:0043.jpg|thumb|Fig. 3, John Archibald Woodside, ''Lemon Hill'', 1807.]]
+[[Image:0043_2.jpg|thumb|Fig. 3, John Archibald Woodside, ''Lemon Hill'', 1807.]]
 [[File:2125 detail.jpg|thumb|Fig. 4, J. Allbright (illustrator), J. B. Longacre (engraver), J. & W. W. Warr (engraver), The greenhouse and hothouses at Lemon Hill (1832).]]
 <span id="Wailes_cite"></span>The [[greenhouse]] and [[hothouse]]s at Lemon Hill were said to be the largest of their kind in the United States and often dominate 19th-century depictions of the estate ([[#Wailes|view text]]) [Figs. 3&ndash;4]. The [[greenhouse]] had been a major feature of [[The Hills]] as well, and [[Henry Pratt|Pratt]] built upon [[Robert Morris|Morris’s]] already significant investment when he acquired the property. In August 1799, several months after purchasing Lemon Hill at the sheriff’s sale, [[Henry Pratt|Pratt]] paid [[Robert Morris|Morris]] $750 for [[greenhouse]] plants.<ref>Robbins 1987, 30, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2MIWTC48 view on Zotero].</ref> Under [[Henry Pratt|Pratt’s]] ownership, the [[hothouse]]s contained an enormous quantity and variety of plants, including many exotics. A June 1838 auction catalogue of the contents of Lemon Hill’s [[greenhouse]]s and [[hothouse]]s lists 2,701 individual plants for sale, including various roses, carnations, geraniums, camellias, citrus, aloes, cactuses, hydrangeas, and coffee trees, among many others kinds.<ref>''Catalogue of Splendid and Rare Green House and Hot House Plants: To Be Sold by Auction, at Lemon Hill, Formerly the Seat of the Late Henry Pratt, Deceased, on Tuesday, the 5th day of June, 1838, and to Be Continued Daily Till Completed by D. & C. A. Hill, Auctioneers'' (Philadelphia, 1838), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/S2MZSHJ4 view on Zotero]. See also Robbins 1987, 36, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/2MIWTC48 view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Aloe_cite"></span>[[Henry Pratt|Pratt]] invited the public to view his rarest specimens. In June 1821, for example, [[Henry Pratt|Pratt]] exhibited a flowering aloe&mdash;one of the plants he had purchased from [[Robert Morris|Morris’s]] greenhouse&mdash;alongside “a considerable number of rare and beautiful tropical plants” at the Philadelphia’s Orphan’s Asylum as part of a fundraiser for the institution ([[#Aloe|view text]]). [[Henry Pratt|Pratt’s]] collection also won awards from the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, including prizes for exhibiting the first mango as well as a particularly “splendid specimen” of poinsettia.<ref>Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, ''From Seed to Flower: Philadelphia 1681&ndash;1876'' (Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 1976), 73, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/T79WT7WS view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Bernhard_cite"></span>In order to water the extensive collection of plants at Lemon Hill, [[Henry Pratt|Pratt]] installed a hydraulic water-delivery system, which pumped water up from the [[Schuylkill River]] to a series basins that supplied the [[greenhouse|green]] and [[hothouse]]s ([[#Bernhard|view text]]).
@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 File:2107.jpg|Artist/maker unknown, ''A [[View]] of Lemon Hill on the River Schuylkill, the [[Seat]] of Henry Pratt Esq. of Philadelphia'', Early 19th century.
-File:0043.jpg|John Archibald Woodside, ''Lemon Hill'', 1807.
+File:0043_2.jpg|John Archibald Woodside, ''Lemon Hill'', 1807.
 File:2102.jpg|Pavel Petrovich Svinin, ''The Upper Bridge over the Schuylkill, Philadelphia&mdash;Lemon Hill in the Background'', 1811&ndash;ca. 1813.

@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-File:1138.jpg|William Groombridge, ''View of Lemon Hill'', c. 1800.
+File:1138.jpg|William Groombridge, ''[[View]] of Lemon Hill'', c. 1800.
-File:2107.jpg|Artist/maker unknown, ''A View of Lemon Hill on the River Schuylkill, the Seat of Henry Pratt Esq. of Philadelphia'', Early 19th century.
+File:2107.jpg|Artist/maker unknown, ''A [[View]] of Lemon Hill on the River Schuylkill, the [[Seat]] of Henry Pratt Esq. of Philadelphia'', Early 19th century.
 File:0043.jpg|John Archibald Woodside, ''Lemon Hill'', 1807.
@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 File:0300.jpg|Thomas Birch, ''Fairmount Water Works'', 1821.
-File:2119.jpg|Robert Campbell, after Thomas Birch, ''View of the Dam and Water Works at Fairmount, Philadelphia'', 1824.
+File:2119.jpg|Robert Campbell, after Thomas Birch, ''[[View]] of the Dam and Water Works at Fairmount, Philadelphia'', 1824.
-File:2105.jpg|Firm of Joseph Stubbs, decoration after Thomas Birch, Plate with view of Lemon Hill, c. 1825.
+File:2105.jpg|Firm of Joseph Stubbs, decoration after Thomas Birch, Plate with [[view]] of Lemon Hill, c. 1825.
-File:2104.jpg|Firm of Joseph Stubbs, decoration after Thomas Birch, Soup plate with view of Lemon Hill, c. 1825.
+File:2104.jpg|Firm of Joseph Stubbs, decoration after Thomas Birch, Soup plate with [[view]] of Lemon Hill, c. 1825.
-File:2103.jpg|Firm of Joseph Stubbs, Tureen and cover with view of Lemon Hill, c. 1828.
+File:2103.jpg|Firm of Joseph Stubbs, Tureen and cover with [[view]] of Lemon Hill, c. 1828.
-File:2125.jpg|J. Allbright (illustrator), J. B. Longacre (engraver), J. & W. W. Warr (engraver), The greenhouse and hothouses at Lemon Hill, detail of the title page, in D. & C. Landreth, ''Floral Magazine and Botanical Repository'' (1832).
+File:2125.jpg|J. Allbright (illustrator), J. B. Longacre (engraver), J. & W. W. Warr (engraver), The [[greenhouse]] and [[hothouse]]s at Lemon Hill, detail of the title page, in D. & C. Landreth, ''Floral Magazine and Botanical Repository'' (1832).
 File:2112.jpg|James Fuller Queen, ''Temple in Pratt’s garden on the Schuylkill'', recto, 1840.
-File:2117.jpg|T. Mason Mitchell, ''Plan of the Fair Mount docks and the adjoining property belonging to Knowles Taylor, Matthew Newkirk, Sam’l Downer junr. & Isaac S. Loyd.'', c. 1840.
+File:2117.jpg|T. Mason Mitchell, ''Plan of the Fair [[Mount]] docks and the adjoining property belonging to Knowles Taylor, Matthew Newkirk, Sam’l Downer junr. & Isaac S. Loyd.'', c. 1840.
 File:2144.jpg|William Southgate Porter, ''Panorama of Fairmount'', May 22, 1848.
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 File:2099.jpg|Anonymous, “Lemon Hill,” in M. M. Ballou, ed., ''Ballou’s Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion'' 8, no. 19 (May 12, 1855), p. 297.
-File:2111.jpg|James Fuller Queen, View from the Schuylkill River looking up toward a mansion, possibly Lemon Hill in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ca. 1856.
+File:2111.jpg|James Fuller Queen, [[View]] from the Schuylkill River looking up toward a mansion, possibly Lemon Hill in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ca. 1856.
 File:2129.jpg|James C. Sidney and Andrew Adams, ''Plan of Fairmount-Park'', in ''Description of Plan for the Improvement of Fairmount Park'', 1859.