Harmony Grove - Revision history

M-westerby at 20:25, August 19, 2021

2021-08-19T20:25:39Z

V-Federici: /* Other Resources */

2020-12-19T15:03:31Z

Other Resources

V-Federici at 14:54, August 3, 2020

2020-08-03T14:54:57Z

A-Whitlock at 16:48, January 13, 2020

2020-01-13T16:48:30Z

L-Baradel: /* Overview */

2019-12-30T19:01:24Z

Overview

Bchristen: back up to History formatting fix

2018-09-14T20:57:58Z

back up to History formatting fix

Bchristen: fixed links to Jackson-Conard Papers

2018-09-04T20:03:54Z

fixed links to Jackson-Conard Papers

Bchristen: copyedits

2018-09-04T19:47:48Z

copyedits

Show changes

Bchristen: line spacing and hr standardization

2018-08-20T15:59:12Z

line spacing and hr standardization

Bchristen: condition redux and overview cleanup

2018-08-16T17:32:36Z

condition redux and overview cleanup

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:25, August 19, 2021
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		+	{{Place
		+	\|Alternate names=West Grove
		+	\|Established Present=No
		+	\|Established Date=1725
		+	\|Established Circa=No
		+	\|Established Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Established Questionable=No
		+	\|Established HasEndDate=No
		+	\|Established Present End=No
		+	\|Established Circa End=No
		+	\|Established Questionable End=No
		+	\|Through Present=No
		+	\|Through Date=1916
		+	\|Through Circa=No
		+	\|Through Concurrence=After
		+	\|Through Questionable=No
		+	\|Through HasEndDate=No
		+	\|Through Present End=No
		+	\|Through Circa End=No
		+	\|Through Questionable End=No
		+	\|Location=London Grove Township, Chester County, PA
		+	\|Geolocation link=suppress
		+	\|Keywords=Arcade; Bed; Botanic garden; Bower; Fountain; Greenhouse; Grove; Lake; Lawn; Meadow; Orchard; Pond; Prospect; Seat; Terrace/Slope; Walk; Wood/Woods
		+	\|Site owners={{Site owner
		+	\|Name=Isaac Jackson
		+	\|Owned Present=No
		+	\|Owned Date=1665
		+	\|Owned Circa=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable=No
		+	\|Owned HasEndDate=Yes
		+	\|Owned Present End=No
		+	\|Owned Date End=1750
		+	\|Owned Circa End=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence End=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Site owner
		+	\|Name=William Jackson
		+	\|Owned Present=No
		+	\|Owned Date=1705
		+	\|Owned Circa=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable=No
		+	\|Owned HasEndDate=Yes
		+	\|Owned Present End=No
		+	\|Owned Date End=1785
		+	\|Owned Circa End=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence End=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Site owner
		+	\|Name=John Jackson
		+	\|Owned Present=No
		+	\|Owned Date=1748
		+	\|Owned Circa=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable=No
		+	\|Owned HasEndDate=Yes
		+	\|Owned Present End=No
		+	\|Owned Date End=1821
		+	\|Owned Circa End=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence End=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Site owner
		+	\|Name=William Jackson
		+	\|Owned Present=No
		+	\|Owned Date=1789
		+	\|Owned Circa=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable=No
		+	\|Owned HasEndDate=Yes
		+	\|Owned Present End=No
		+	\|Owned Date End=1864
		+	\|Owned Circa End=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence End=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Site owner
		+	\|Name=Isaac Jackson
		+	\|Owned Present=No
		+	\|Owned Date=1829
		+	\|Owned Circa=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable=No
		+	\|Owned HasEndDate=Yes
		+	\|Owned Present End=No
		+	\|Owned Date End=1868
		+	\|Owned Circa End=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence End=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Site owner
		+	\|Name=Everard Conard
		+	\|Owned Present=No
		+	\|Owned Date=1814
		+	\|Owned Circa=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable=No
		+	\|Owned HasEndDate=Yes
		+	\|Owned Present End=No
		+	\|Owned Date End=1893
		+	\|Owned Circa End=No
		+	\|Owned Concurrence End=Exact
		+	\|Owned Questionable End=No
		+	}}
		+	}}
	'''Harmony Grove''', an estate in London Grove Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, was the site of a [[botanic garden]] established by the self-taught botanist John Jackson (1748–1821) in the mid 1770s and preserved by successive generations of his family, several of whom shared an interest in botany.		'''Harmony Grove''', an estate in London Grove Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, was the site of a [[botanic garden]] established by the self-taught botanist John Jackson (1748–1821) in the mid 1770s and preserved by successive generations of his family, several of whom shared an interest in botany.
−
−	~~==Overview==~~
−	~~'''Alternate Names:''' West Grove<br/>~~
−	~~'''Site Dates:''' 1725 until after 1916<br/>~~
−	'''Site Owner(s):''' Isaac Jackson (1665–1750); William Jackson (1705–1785); John Jackson (1748–1821); William Jackson (1789–1864); Isaac Jackson (1829–1868); Everard Conard (1814–1893)<br/>
−	~~'''Location:''' London Grove Township, Chester County, PA<br/>~~
−	~~'''Condition:'''~~

	<hr>		<hr>

@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 [http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5217jaco.xml Jackson-Conard Family Papers, 1748&ndash;1910, Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College]
-[http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/html/mss0093_0016.html John Jackson albums of specimens of dried flowers and plants, ca. 1810&ndash;1819, University of Delaware Library]
+[https://library.udel.edu/special/findaids/view?docId=ead/mss0093_0016.xml John Jackson albums of specimens of dried flowers and plants, ca. 1810&ndash;1819, University of Delaware Library]
 <hr>

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 ==Texts==
-*<div id="1789"></div>Jackson, John, March 30, 1789, letter to [[Humphry Marshall]] (Darlington 1849: 549&ndash;50)<ref name="Darlington">Darlington 1849, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero]; Gutowski 1988, 97, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FEKTNCPT view on Zotero].</ref> [[#1789_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="1789"></div>Jackson, John, March 30, 1789, letter to [[Humphry Marshall]] (Darlington 1849: 549&ndash;50)<ref name="Darlington">Darlington 1849, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero]; Gutowski 1988, 97, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FEKTNCPT view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“I herewith send thy brush by the bearer, Caleb Harland, being the first opportunity. Mind not the cost until I see thee. I have this request to make, if thou pleases; to save me some seed of the ''Geranium'', when ripe: also if thou couldst procure me a set or two of ''Rosemary'', I should accept it as a favour, having lost mine the hard winter, and not got any since. Perhaps some slips set in the ground in season, would take root, and be safely moved towards fall.
-:“I hope the public peace will add fresh life and vigour to every useful science that may tend to adorn and enrich our country: the propagation of plants being one, and much my delight. I take every help that I receive this way as a kindness.”
+:“I hope the public peace will add fresh life and vigour to every useful science that may tend to adorn and enrich our country: the propagation of plants being one, and much my delight. I take every help that I receive this way as a kindness.” [[#1789_cite|back up to History]]
-*<div id="Desk"></div>Thomas Peirce, May 14, 1813, poem about Harmony Grove (Jackson 1878: 48&ndash;51)<ref name="Jackson">Jackson 1878, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> [[#Desk_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="Desk"></div>Thomas Peirce, May 14, 1813, poem about Harmony Grove (Jackson 1878: 48&ndash;51)<ref name="Jackson">Jackson 1878, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“Where London Grove attracts the eye
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 :“And labors with assiduous hands,
 ::“Each infant plant he raise.”
@@ Line 127: / Line 128: @@
 *Baldwin, William, September 17, 1818, to William Darlington (Darlington 1843: 281)<ref name="Darlington_1843"></ref>
-:“My interview with [Zaccheus] COLLINS was as interesting as it was pleasing. . . . On presenting for his examination our ''Jacksonia'', he had no hesitation in considering it a new genus&mdash;if an American plant: but, in his usual cautious manner, recommended omitting the publication of it until the ripe seed-vessel could be obtained; lest, possibly, it might be something exotic.”
+:“My interview with [Zaccheus] COLLINS was as interesting as it was pleasing. . . On presenting for his examination our ''Jacksonia'', he had no hesitation in considering it a new genus&mdash;if an American plant: but, in his usual cautious manner, recommended omitting the publication of it until the ripe seed-vessel could be obtained; lest, possibly, it might be something exotic.”
 :: [William Darlington’s note:“The ''traditional'' history of this plant was, that it had been obtained, by the late [[Humphry Marshall|HUMPHREY [''sic''] MARSHALL]], from the mountains of ''Tennessee''; and, supposing it to be a ''new genus'', Dr. B. and myself had proposed to dedicate it to our estimable friend, JOHN JACKSON. But the characteristic caution of our friend COLLINS saved us from making a great blunder: for, on examining the plant in a more perfect state, I ascertained it to be the ''Saxifraga crassifolia, L.'']
@@ Line 134: / Line 135: @@
 *Baldwin, William, March 14, 1819, letter to William Darlington (Darlington 1843: 305)<ref name="Darlington_1843"></ref>
-:“Yesterday I called upon S.W. CONRAD,&mdash;principally to urge his publishing MUHLENBERG'S Flora. . . . I must request you to relieve me a little in this business, by persuading some of our friends to take copies: such as JOHN JACKSON.”
+:“Yesterday I called upon S.W. CONRAD,&mdash;principally to urge his publishing MUHLENBERG'S Flora. . . I must request you to relieve me a little in this business, by persuading some of our friends to take copies: such as JOHN JACKSON.”
-*<div id="Village"></div>''Village Record'' newspaper (West Chester, PA), January 16, 1822, biographical account of John Jackson<ref>“Deaths,” January 16, 1822, [http://www.accessible-archives.com/2012/12/the-pennsylvania-genealogical-catalogue-1822/#ixzz3r66Db4dt ''Pennsylvania Genealogical Catalogue''].</ref> [[#Village_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="Village"></div>''Village Record'' newspaper (West Chester, PA), January 16, 1822, biographical account of John Jackson<ref>“Deaths,” January 16, 1822, [http://www.accessible-archives.com/2012/12/the-pennsylvania-genealogical-catalogue-1822/#ixzz3r66Db4dt ''Pennsylvania Genealogical Catalogue''].</ref>
-:“JOHN JACKSON, whose death was published in the last Record, was a native of Londongrove and was born where he died; his father was also born and died on the same plantation. His great grandfather was one of the earliest settlers in that neighborhood. There is something very pleasant in the idea, as it shows the general course of happiness and contentment that must have prevailed, to see the son succeeding to the father, generation after generation to the same farm; in eating the fruits planted by a father’s hand; In planting fruits with the expectation that they shall be enjoyed by our children, many tender and pleasing recollections and anticipations arise. The object of this notice was one who never courted the public gaze; nor was he ambitious of public business or honor; not that he thought it improper. He held in respect those who preferred public service, but his genius led him another way. A self taught botanist, he took delight in cultivating in his leisure hours a garden, which he stocked with a multitude of indigenous and foreign fruits and flowers. The taste grew with his years, and there are few who have not seen and admired or heard of and wished to see, the garden of JOHN JACKSON. At this time it has a greater variety of rare trees, plants, fruits and flowers than the celebrated garden of [[Humphry Marshall]] ever had. The orange and lemon trees are now bending with their golden honors; and as if in pride, yet blossoming for more. He was always an industrious man & in his latter years spent most of his time in his garden.”
+:“JOHN JACKSON, whose death was published in the last Record, was a native of Londongrove and was born where he died; his father was also born and died on the same plantation. His great grandfather was one of the earliest settlers in that neighborhood. There is something very pleasant in the idea, as it shows the general course of happiness and contentment that must have prevailed, to see the son succeeding to the father, generation after generation to the same farm; in eating the fruits planted by a father’s hand; In planting fruits with the expectation that they shall be enjoyed by our children, many tender and pleasing recollections and anticipations arise. The object of this notice was one who never courted the public gaze; nor was he ambitious of public business or honor; not that he thought it improper. He held in respect those who preferred public service, but his genius led him another way. A self taught botanist, he took delight in cultivating in his leisure hours a garden, which he stocked with a multitude of indigenous and foreign fruits and flowers. The taste grew with his years, and there are few who have not seen and admired or heard of and wished to see, the garden of JOHN JACKSON. At this time it has a greater variety of rare trees, plants, fruits and flowers than the celebrated garden of [[Humphry Marshall]] ever had. The orange and lemon trees are now bending with their golden honors; and as if in pride, yet blossoming for more. He was always an industrious man & in his latter years spent most of his time in his garden.” [[#Village_cite|back up to History]]
-*<div id="Chester"></div>Anonymous, May 10, 1828, account of the botanical and horticultural activities of John and William Jackson, “Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science” (''Register of Pennsylvania'' 1: 303)<ref>Anonymous, May 10, 1828, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/4JXNRSNZ view on Zotero].</ref> [[#Chester_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="Chester"></div>Anonymous, May 10, 1828, account of the botanical and horticultural activities of John and William Jackson, “Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science” (''Register of Pennsylvania'' 1: 303)<ref>Anonymous, May 10, 1828, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/4JXNRSNZ view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“The next garden in botanical importance [after [[Humphry Marshall’s Botanic Garden]]] is that founded by the late John Jackson, in the township of London-Grove. Mr. Jackson was a member of the Society of Friends: he was an excellent gardener, and a highly respectable botanist. He was born in London-Grove, the 9th of November, 1748, and died in the same township, the 20th of December, 1821. The garden was commenced in the year 1776 or 1777: it contains about an acre and a half of ground, and is located in a lime-stone valley of extraordinary beauty and fertility. A small [[greenhouse|green-house]] is attached to the place: a spring yielding an abundant supply of water, takes its rise near the centre of the garden, and affords an opportunity for the growth of aquatic plants, and some others, which delight in a humid soil. The place presents a numerous collection of foreign and indigenous plants of much interest to the student of botany. Mr. Jackson. . .  also paid attention to mineralogy. His son, William Jackson, the present proprietor of the garden, inherits his father’s love for natural science, and employs himself in making gradual improvements in the establishment.
+:“The next garden in botanical importance [after [[Humphry Marshall’s Botanic Garden]]] is that founded by the late John Jackson, in the township of London-Grove. Mr. Jackson was a member of the Society of Friends: he was an excellent gardener, and a highly respectable botanist. He was born in London-Grove, the 9th of November, 1748, and died in the same township, the 20th of December, 1821. The garden was commenced in the year 1776 or 1777: it contains about an acre and a half of ground, and is located in a lime-stone valley of extraordinary beauty and fertility. A small [[greenhouse|green-house]] is attached to the place: a spring yielding an abundant supply of water, takes its rise near the centre of the garden, and affords an opportunity for the growth of aquatic plants, and some others, which delight in a humid soil. The place presents a numerous collection of foreign and indigenous plants of much interest to the student of botany. Mr. Jackson. . .  also paid attention to mineralogy. His son, William Jackson, the present proprietor of the garden, inherits his father’s love for natural science, and employs himself in making gradual improvements in the establishment. [[#Chester_cite|back up to History]]
-*<div id="Darlington"></div>Darlington, William, 1849, description of the botanical activities of John and William Jackson (1849: 22, 549&ndash;50)<ref name="Darlington"></ref> [[#Darlington_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="Darlington"></div>Darlington, William, 1849, description of the botanical activities of John and William Jackson (1849: 22, 549&ndash;50)<ref name="Darlington"></ref>
 :“The laudable example of [[Humphry Marshall|HUMPHRY MARSHALL]] was not without its influence in the community where he resided. His friend and neighbour, the late estimable JOHN JACKSON, was endowed with a similar taste for the beauties of nature; and, in the year 1777, commenced a highly interesting collection of plants, at his residence in Londongrove, which is still preserved in good condition, by his son WILLIAM JACKSON, Esq . . . .
-:“JOHN JACKSON, of Londongrove Township, Chester County, was one of the very few contemporaries of [[Humphry Marshall|HUMPHRY MARSHALL]], who sympathized cordially with his pursuits. He commenced a garden soon after that at Marshallton was established, and made a valuable collection of rare and ornamental plants; which is still preserved in good condition by his son, WILLIAM JACKSON, Esq. JOHN JACKSON, was a very successful cultivator of curious plants, a respectable botanist, and one of the most gentle and amiable men.”
+:“JOHN JACKSON, of Londongrove Township, Chester County, was one of the very few contemporaries of [[Humphry Marshall|HUMPHRY MARSHALL]], who sympathized cordially with his pursuits. He commenced a garden soon after that at Marshallton was established, and made a valuable collection of rare and ornamental plants; which is still preserved in good condition by his son, WILLIAM JACKSON, Esq. JOHN JACKSON, was a very successful cultivator of curious plants, a respectable botanist, and one of the most gentle and amiable men.” [[#Darlington_cite|back up to History]]
@@ Line 161: / Line 162: @@
 *Mary W. Palmer, August 18, 1875, recalling visit of c. 1840 to her mothers’ childhood home, Harmony Grove (Jackson 1878: 17)<ref name="Jackson"></ref>
-:“It must be thirty-five years since I last saw the dear old home . . . . The scent of the box in the early morning as we entered the garden, the music of the birds, the deep shade of the beautiful trees, the cool spring in the [[greenhouse|green-house]], and the rare and lovely plants that in Summer used to be set around the [[pond]]&mdash;everything comes back to me.”
+:“It must be thirty-five years since I last saw the dear old home. . . The scent of the box in the early morning as we entered the garden, the music of the birds, the deep shade of the beautiful trees, the cool spring in the [[greenhouse|green-house]], and the rare and lovely plants that in Summer used to be set around the [[pond]]&mdash;everything comes back to me.”
-*<div id="Michener"></div>Michener, Ezra, 1893, recalling visits to the [[botanic garden|botanical garden]] and library at Harmony Grove in 1811 (1893: 8&ndash;10)<ref>Ezra Michener, ''Autographical Notes from the Life and Letters of Ezra Michener, M.D.'' (Philadelphia: Friends Book Association, 1893, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/HCA76UJM view on Zotero].</ref> [[#Michener_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="Michener"></div>Michener, Ezra, 1893, recalling visits to the [[botanic garden|botanical garden]] and library at Harmony Grove in 1811 (1893: 8&ndash;10)<ref>Ezra Michener, ''Autographical Notes from the Life and Letters of Ezra Michener, M.D.'' (Philadelphia: Friends Book Association, 1893, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/HCA76UJM view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“It was at this critical period of my life that the Farmers' Library, of London Grove, was opened at the house of John Jackson, the botanist and florist. My father became a stockholder, and it naturally devolved upon me to obtain and return books.
-:“Here I found an ample variety of most excellent reading, and, what was of scarcely less value to me, I generally found the librarian in his delightful garden. Seeing that I was interested in plants and flowers, he took pleasure in leading me around to see them, and in simple terms explained them to my understanding. In the library room it was the same; the windows had their blooming plants, the table was loaded with mineral and other specimens, while on the floor stood an electrical machine, and a Hand Jennie for roving and spinning cotton. The use of these the owner was ever ready to exhibit and explain. He was always ready, too, to advise and assist me in the choice of books. To me it seemed enchanted ground. Among the first books I read were Mungo Park’s Fables, Cook’s Voyage Around the World, and Darwin’s Botanic Garden . . . .
+:“Here I found an ample variety of most excellent reading, and, what was of scarcely less value to me, I generally found the librarian in his delightful garden. Seeing that I was interested in plants and flowers, he took pleasure in leading me around to see them, and in simple terms explained them to my understanding. In the library room it was the same; the windows had their blooming plants, the table was loaded with mineral and other specimens, while on the floor stood an electrical machine, and a Hand Jennie for roving and spinning cotton. The use of these the owner was ever ready to exhibit and explain. He was always ready, too, to advise and assist me in the choice of books. To me it seemed enchanted ground. Among the first books I read were Mungo Park’s Fables, Cook’s Voyage Around the World, and Darwin’s Botanic Garden . . .
-:“My innate fondness for plants and flowers was fostered and intensified by my frequent visits to Harmony Grove, but I did not find botanical books; indeed, there does not seem to have been any book on the subject for beginners, either written by an American, or printed in America for several years after. The library furnished Rees’s New Cyclopaedia in ninety-two half volumes, quarto. This work afforded a rich store of botanical knowledge. The genera were alphabetical with the known species following, but I could seldom stumble on the description of the plant before me; when I did so, I wrote down the botanical and common names until I had a respectable list. I also made a list of the scientific terms as they came under notice, with definitions. In this way I unconsciously begun a botanical dictionary for future study, a method of juvenile authorship, which I have practiced more or less during life.”
+:“My innate fondness for plants and flowers was fostered and intensified by my frequent visits to Harmony Grove, but I did not find botanical books; indeed, there does not seem to have been any book on the subject for beginners, either written by an American, or printed in America for several years after. The library furnished Rees’s New Cyclopaedia in ninety-two half volumes, quarto. This work afforded a rich store of botanical knowledge. The genera were alphabetical with the known species following, but I could seldom stumble on the description of the plant before me; when I did so, I wrote down the botanical and common names until I had a respectable list. I also made a list of the scientific terms as they came under notice, with definitions. In this way I unconsciously begun a botanical dictionary for future study, a method of juvenile authorship, which I have practiced more or less during life.” [[#Michener_cite|back up to History]]
 <hr>

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−
−	~~==Map==~~
−	~~{{#display_map:~~
−	~~39.821667, -75.826667~~
−	~~\|service=google~~
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	==Other Resources==		==Other Resources==

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Overview==
 '''Alternate Names:''' West Grove<br/>
-'''Site Dates:'''1725&ndash;after 1916<br/>
+'''Site Dates:''' 1725 until after 1916<br/>
 '''Site Owner(s):''' Isaac Jackson (1665&ndash;1750); William Jackson (1705&ndash;1785); John Jackson (1748&ndash;1821); William Jackson (1789&ndash;1864); Isaac Jackson (1829&ndash;1868); Everard Conard (1814&ndash;1893)<br/>
 '''Location:''' London Grove Township, Chester County, PA<br/>

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 Before he inherited the land at Harmony Grove, John Jackson had already established a [[botanic garden]], having laid it out around the time of the Revolution on an acre and a half of level ground backing up to hills to the north and west of the house.<span id="Chester_cite"></span> He created [[grove]]s and [[arcade]]s of trees, including maple, sycamore, honey locust, mahogany, sweet gum, gingko, holly, and various nut trees.<ref>Jackson 1878, 48&ndash;51, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero]; Ella Kent Barnard, “An Old Botanic Garden,” ''Journal of the Friends Historical Society'' 13 (1916): 18&ndash;19, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/NMQI6KQ6 view on Zotero].</ref> Other features of the garden design are suggested by the poem “Harmony Grove,” written in 1875 by Sarah W. Peterson, which mentions “the great box-bush,” “the broad [[walk]],” and “cloistral [[avenues]] of pines and firs.”<ref>Jackson 1878, 60, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> Jackson erected a stone [[greenhouse]] in the garden with a “quaint spring house” and dairy attached to it, and an upstairs room for drying and storing seeds ([[#Chester|view text]]). An account published in 1878 noted that water from the spring flowed underground through the spring house and dairy and “collected in a square [[pond]], which, with its diminutive outlet, furnished localities suited to the culture of aquatic plants.”<ref>Jackson 1878, 8, 11, 61, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> The garden survived the Revolutionary War, and in a letter of 1789 to his friend [[Humphry Marshall]], <span id="1789_cite"></span>Jackson reflected “I hope the public peace will add fresh life and vigour to every useful science that may tend to adorn and enrich our country: the propagation of plants being one, and much my delight” ([[#1789|view text]]).
-Cultivation of the [[botanic garden]] provided a pleasurable leisure-time activity for Jackson over the course of several decades. His surviving correspondence documents some of the botanical exchanges and purchases through which he acquired trees, shrubs, plants, and seeds for the garden.<ref>For Jackson’s correspondence in the Jackson-Conard Family Papers at Swarthmore, [http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5217jaco.htm view website]. See also Jackson 1878, 7&ndash;8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Darlington_cite"></span> Among Jackson’s suppliers was [[Humphry Marshall]], whose neighboring [[Humphry Marshall’s Botanic Garden|botanic garden]] reportedly provided the model for Harmony Grove ([[#Darlington|view text]]).<ref>William Darlington, ''Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall: With Notices of Their Botanical Contemporaries'' (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1849), 22, 549&ndash;50, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero]; Burnet Landreth, “Historical Notice of Other Early Agricultural Societies,” ''Agriculture of Pennsylvania: Containing Reports of the State Board of Agriculture . . . for 1885 in Agriculture of Pennsylvania: Containing Reports of the State Board of Agriculture . . . for 1885'' (Harrisburg: Edwin K. Meyers, 1886), 9: 148, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5H69BSXR view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Village_cite"></span>A writer for a local newspaper claimed in 1822 that Jackson’s [[botanic garden]], “stocked with a multitude of indigenous and foreign fruits and flowers” including orange and lemon trees, “has a greater variety of rare trees, plants, fruits and flowers than the celebrated garden of [[Humphry Marshall]] ever had” ([[#Village|view text]]). Jackson’s interest in botany led him to create several albums and lists of plant materials, preserved at Swarthmore College, two albums containing specimens of dried and pressed plants and wild flowers from Harmony Grove assembled between 1810 and 1819 (University of Delaware), and an herbarium (West Chester State University). The plants, many identified by common English as well as Latin names (some with labels written by Jackson’s friend William Darlington), include barberry, wood anemone, dogwood, aster, columbine, Solomon seal, watercress, and delphinium.<ref>The records of the Special Collections Department of the University of Delaware indicate that Jackson gave one of the albums to another amateur botanist, the Philadelphia surgeon and physician Dr. Francis Alison (1751&ndash;1813). For more information on Jackson’s albums at the University of Delaware, [http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/html/mss0093_0016.html view website]. For the herbarium, see Robert R. Gutowski, “Humphry Marshall’s Botanic Garden: Living Collections 1773&ndash;1813” (master’s thesis, University of Delaware, 1988), 148, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FEKTNCPT view on Zotero]. For Alison, see Anonymous, “Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science,” ''Register of Pennsylvania'' 1 (May 10, 1828): 303, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/4JXNRSNZ view on Zotero].</ref>
+Cultivation of the [[botanic garden]] provided a pleasurable leisure-time activity for Jackson over the course of several decades. His surviving correspondence documents some of the botanical exchanges and purchases through which he acquired trees, shrubs, plants, and seeds for the garden.<ref>For Jackson’s correspondence in the Jackson-Conard Family Papers at Swarthmore, [http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5217jaco.xml view website]. See also Jackson 1878, 7&ndash;8, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Darlington_cite"></span> Among Jackson’s suppliers was [[Humphry Marshall]], whose neighboring [[Humphry Marshall’s Botanic Garden|botanic garden]] reportedly provided the model for Harmony Grove ([[#Darlington|view text]]).<ref>William Darlington, ''Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall: With Notices of Their Botanical Contemporaries'' (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1849), 22, 549&ndash;50, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero]; Burnet Landreth, “Historical Notice of Other Early Agricultural Societies,” ''Agriculture of Pennsylvania: Containing Reports of the State Board of Agriculture . . . for 1885 in Agriculture of Pennsylvania: Containing Reports of the State Board of Agriculture . . . for 1885'' (Harrisburg: Edwin K. Meyers, 1886), 9: 148, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5H69BSXR view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Village_cite"></span>A writer for a local newspaper claimed in 1822 that Jackson’s [[botanic garden]], “stocked with a multitude of indigenous and foreign fruits and flowers” including orange and lemon trees, “has a greater variety of rare trees, plants, fruits and flowers than the celebrated garden of [[Humphry Marshall]] ever had” ([[#Village|view text]]). Jackson’s interest in botany led him to create several albums and lists of plant materials, preserved at Swarthmore College, two albums containing specimens of dried and pressed plants and wild flowers from Harmony Grove assembled between 1810 and 1819 (University of Delaware), and an herbarium (West Chester State University). The plants, many identified by common English as well as Latin names (some with labels written by Jackson’s friend William Darlington), include barberry, wood anemone, dogwood, aster, columbine, Solomon seal, watercress, and delphinium.<ref>The records of the Special Collections Department of the University of Delaware indicate that Jackson gave one of the albums to another amateur botanist, the Philadelphia surgeon and physician Dr. Francis Alison (1751&ndash;1813). For more information on Jackson’s albums at the University of Delaware, [http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/html/mss0093_0016.html view website]. For the herbarium, see Robert R. Gutowski, “Humphry Marshall’s Botanic Garden: Living Collections 1773&ndash;1813” (master’s thesis, University of Delaware, 1988), 148, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FEKTNCPT view on Zotero]. For Alison, see Anonymous, “Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science,” ''Register of Pennsylvania'' 1 (May 10, 1828): 303, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/4JXNRSNZ view on Zotero].</ref>
 Harmony Grove’s fame lured many visitors. As a writer observed in 1822, “There are few who have not seen and admired or heard of and wished to see, the garden of JOHN JACKSON.”<ref>“Deaths,” ''The Village Record'' (January 16, 1822), posted by J. D. Thomas, [http://www.accessible-archives.com/2012/12/the-pennsylvania-genealogical-catalogue-1822/#ixzz3r66Db4dt ''Pennsylvania Genealogical Catalogue''].</ref> Jackson went out of his way to accommodate these guests. <span id="Desk_cite"></span> Thomas Peirce’s verses on the garden, composed in 1813, describe a secluded [[grove]] in which visitors found [[seat]]s and a flower-bordered [[bower]] equipped with a desk, pen, ink, and paper “For such as choose to write/ Some brief encomiums on the place,” signing their “ditties” with names and dates ([[#Desk|view text]]).<ref>Jackson 1878, 13, 50, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> Jackson also attached cards to the aloe trees in his garden with witty verses intended to dissuade visitors from scratching their names into the smooth leaves. Jackson’s descendants preserved the cards, one of which read: “Ye beaux and belles, I pray, forbear,/ My pretty leaves to scratch and tear;/ You little think the pain I feel/ From puncture of your polished steel.”<ref>For this and other examples, see Jackson 1878, 45, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/7A2I2J39 view on Zotero].</ref> Beginning in 1805 the house at Harmony Grove served as headquarters of the Farmers Library of Londongrove, with John Jackson serving as its secretary.<ref>John Smith Futhey and Gilbert Cope, ''History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches'' (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1881), 310, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/G8FI9HPZ view on Zotero].</ref> One young neighbor, Ezra Michener (1804&ndash;1887,) began his botanical education there in 1810 under Jackson’s tutelage, later recalling: “I generally found the librarian in his delightful garden. Seeing that I was interested in plants and flowers, he took pleasure in leading me around to see them, and in simple terms explained them to my understanding. <span id="Michener_cite"></span> In the library room it was the same; the windows had their blooming plants, the table was loaded with mineral and other specimens” ([[#Michener|view text]]).
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 ==Other Resources==
-[http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5217jaco.htm Jackson-Conard Family Papers, 1748&ndash;1910, Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College]
+[http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5217jaco.xml Jackson-Conard Family Papers, 1748&ndash;1910, Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College]
 [http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/html/mss0093_0016.html John Jackson albums of specimens of dried flowers and plants, ca. 1810&ndash;1819, University of Delaware Library]

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 ==Overview==
 '''Alternate Names:''' West Grove<br/>
 '''Site Dates:'''1725&ndash;after 1916<br/>
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 ==Texts==
 *<div id="1789"></div>Jackson, John, March 30, 1789, letter to [[Humphry Marshall]] (Darlington 1849: 549&ndash;50)<ref name="Darlington">Darlington 1849, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero]; Gutowski 1988, 97, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FEKTNCPT view on Zotero].</ref> [[#1789_cite|back up to history]]
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 ==Map==
 {{#display_map:
 .821667, -75.826667
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 ==Notes==
 <references/>
 [[Category:Places]]