Hallowell, ME - Revision history

M-westerby at 22:33, August 18, 2021

2021-08-18T22:33:13Z

M-westerby at 22:32, August 18, 2021

2021-08-18T22:32:35Z

M-westerby at 22:29, August 18, 2021

2021-08-18T22:29:11Z

M-westerby at 22:28, August 18, 2021

2021-08-18T22:28:07Z

A-Whitlock at 21:06, March 25, 2021

2021-03-25T21:06:14Z

V-Federici at 11:59, February 12, 2021

2021-02-12T11:59:01Z

V-Federici at 14:52, December 19, 2020

2020-12-19T14:52:54Z

V-Federici: /* Other Resources */

2020-12-19T14:51:22Z

Other Resources

V-Federici: /* Other Resources */

2020-12-19T14:50:53Z

Other Resources

A-Whitlock at 14:15, January 2, 2020

2020-01-02T14:15:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:33, August 18, 2021
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	==Other Resources==		==Other Resources==
−	~~[http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84112459 Library of Congress Authority File]~~
−
	[https://vaughanhomestead.org/news/the-search-for-benjamins-garden-a-history-mystery/ “The Search for Benjamin’s Garden: A History Mystery,” Vaughan Homestead Foundation Website]		[https://vaughanhomestead.org/news/the-search-for-benjamins-garden-a-history-mystery/ “The Search for Benjamin’s Garden: A History Mystery,” Vaughan Homestead Foundation Website]

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 |Geolocation link=suppress
 |Condition=Extant
 |Associated people={{Associated person
 |Name=Benjamin Hallowell
@@ Line 116: / Line 117: @@
 :“I spoke of his garden; there may be many costly and more embellished, owned by millionaires, in the vicinity of our great cities; but this of [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan]] had one charm, seldom found elsewhere. It lay in the midst of a landscape of surpassing beauty. It rose gradually from the entrance [[gate]] near the house, until in ascending the [[walk]] you found yourself on the height of a declivity at the verge of tall [[woods]] in a [[summerhouse|summer-house]]; from this airy resting-place there was a magnificent [[view]] of the village, distant hills, and the gentle waters of the Kennebec winding "at their own sweet will.” Near the spot were mowing fields, and pastures with cattle grazing and some shady oaks yet spared by the Goths in their clearings. . . .
-:“Behind the [[summerhouse|summer-house]] loomed up a steep mountain deeply wooded, and between them was a precipitous ravine or narrow glen through which a powerful stream rushed headlong from ledge to ledge, beneath a dark shadow of tall trees, until it leaped down like a miniature [[cataract]] and formed a pretty[[ basin]], where we sometimes caught a small trout or two. After descending from rock to rock the stream at last subsided into a [[pond]], which supplied the large flour mill built by Mr. Charles Vaughan. This romantic [[waterfall]] was called the “Cascade,” accessible by a winding path down the steep, and its murmur could be heard from the [[summerhouse|summer-house]] in the stillness of the evening, where now the steam-whistle and the locomotive echo through the valley below. Perhaps the utilitarian, who only thinks what his berries may bring in the market, or how a cabbage shall add another dime to his dollars, may ridicule the idea of fine scenery surrounding a garden.”
+:“Behind the [[summerhouse|summer-house]] loomed up a steep mountain deeply wooded, and between them was a precipitous ravine or narrow glen through which a powerful stream rushed headlong from ledge to ledge, beneath a dark shadow of tall trees, until it leaped down like a miniature [[cataract]] and formed a pretty [[basin]], where we sometimes caught a small trout or two. After descending from rock to rock the stream at last subsided into a [[pond]], which supplied the large flour mill built by Mr. Charles Vaughan. This romantic [[waterfall]] was called the “Cascade,” accessible by a winding path down the steep, and its murmur could be heard from the [[summerhouse|summer-house]] in the stillness of the evening, where now the steam-whistle and the locomotive echo through the valley below. Perhaps the utilitarian, who only thinks what his berries may bring in the market, or how a cabbage shall add another dime to his dollars, may ridicule the idea of fine scenery surrounding a garden.”
 <hr>

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 |End Circa End=No
 |End Questionable End=No
 }}
 }}

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:28, August 18, 2021
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		+	{{Place
		+	\|Established Present=No
		+	\|Established Circa=No
		+	\|Established Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Established Questionable=No
		+	\|Established HasEndDate=No
		+	\|Established Present End=No
		+	\|Established Circa End=No
		+	\|Established Questionable End=No
		+	\|Through Present=No
		+	\|Through Circa=No
		+	\|Through Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|Through Questionable=No
		+	\|Through HasEndDate=No
		+	\|Through Present End=No
		+	\|Through Circa End=No
		+	\|Through Questionable End=No
		+	\|Location=Hallowell, ME
		+	\|Geolocation link=suppress
		+	\|Condition=Extant
		+	\|Associated people={{Associated person
		+	\|Name=Benjamin Hallowell
		+	\|From Present=No
		+	\|From Circa=No
		+	\|From Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|From Questionable=No
		+	\|From HasEndDate=No
		+	\|From Present End=No
		+	\|From Circa End=No
		+	\|From Questionable End=No
		+	\|End Present=No
		+	\|End Circa=No
		+	\|End Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|End Questionable=No
		+	\|End HasEndDate=No
		+	\|End Present End=No
		+	\|End Circa End=No
		+	\|End Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Associated person
		+	\|Name=Samuel Vaughan
		+	\|From Present=No
		+	\|From Date=1720
		+	\|From Circa=No
		+	\|From Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|From Questionable=No
		+	\|From HasEndDate=No
		+	\|From Present End=No
		+	\|From Circa End=No
		+	\|From Questionable End=No
		+	\|End Present=No
		+	\|End Date=1802
		+	\|End Circa=No
		+	\|End Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|End Questionable=No
		+	\|End HasEndDate=No
		+	\|End Present End=No
		+	\|End Circa End=No
		+	\|End Questionable End=No
		+	}}{{Associated person
		+	\|Name=Benjamin Vaughan
		+	\|From Present=No
		+	\|From Date=1751
		+	\|From Circa=No
		+	\|From Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|From Questionable=No
		+	\|From HasEndDate=No
		+	\|From Present End=No
		+	\|From Circa End=No
		+	\|From Questionable End=No
		+	\|End Present=No
		+	\|End Date=1835
		+	\|End Circa=No
		+	\|End Concurrence=Exact
		+	\|End Questionable=No
		+	\|End HasEndDate=No
		+	\|End Present End=No
		+	\|End Circa End=No
		+	\|End Questionable End=No
		+	}}
		+	}}
	The village of Hallowell was built on steeply terraced land along the Kennebec River in what is now the state of Maine. The name of the village derived from the Boston merchant and Kennebec Proprietor Benjamin Hallowell, who owned large swathes of property in the area. Several of his heirs had emigrated from England in the late 18th century for the purpose of settling Hallowell.<ref>Craig Compton Murray, “Benjamin Vaughan (1751–1835): The Life of an Anglo-American Intellectual” (PhD diss., Columbia University, 1989), 204–5, 381–82, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KUPH6CQ8 view on Zotero]; Samuel L. Boardman, “A General View of the Agriculture and Industry of the County of Kennebec, with Notes upon Its History and Natural History,” in ''Tenth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture'' (Augusta, ME: Stevens & Sayward, Printers to the State, 1865) 10: 130, 187, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TV2AZBT3 view on Zotero].</ref> In addition to building basic infrastructure such as roads and stone walls, they dabbled in myriad ventures to attract settlers, improve agriculture, and create economic opportunity.<ref>Emma Huntington Nason, ''Old Hallowell on the Kennebec'' (Augusta, ME: Press of Burleigh & Flynt, 1909), 30, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/USP2T2FM view on Zotero]; Boardman, 1865), 10: 190,[https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TV2AZBT3 view on Zotero].</ref>		The village of Hallowell was built on steeply terraced land along the Kennebec River in what is now the state of Maine. The name of the village derived from the Boston merchant and Kennebec Proprietor Benjamin Hallowell, who owned large swathes of property in the area. Several of his heirs had emigrated from England in the late 18th century for the purpose of settling Hallowell.<ref>Craig Compton Murray, “Benjamin Vaughan (1751–1835): The Life of an Anglo-American Intellectual” (PhD diss., Columbia University, 1989), 204–5, 381–82, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KUPH6CQ8 view on Zotero]; Samuel L. Boardman, “A General View of the Agriculture and Industry of the County of Kennebec, with Notes upon Its History and Natural History,” in ''Tenth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture'' (Augusta, ME: Stevens & Sayward, Printers to the State, 1865) 10: 130, 187, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TV2AZBT3 view on Zotero].</ref> In addition to building basic infrastructure such as roads and stone walls, they dabbled in myriad ventures to attract settlers, improve agriculture, and create economic opportunity.<ref>Emma Huntington Nason, ''Old Hallowell on the Kennebec'' (Augusta, ME: Press of Burleigh & Flynt, 1909), 30, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/USP2T2FM view on Zotero]; Boardman, 1865), 10: 190,[https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TV2AZBT3 view on Zotero].</ref>
−
−	~~==Overview==~~
−	~~'''Associated People:''' Benjamin Hallowell; [[Samuel Vaughan]] (1720–1802); [[Benjamin Vaughan]] (1751–1835)<br/>~~
−	~~'''Location:''' Hallowell, ME<br/>~~
−	~~'''Condition:''' extant<br/>~~

	<hr>		<hr>

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, March 25, 2021
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	Image:2209.jpg\|Charles Vaughan, Hallowell, ca. 1820.		Image:2209.jpg\|Charles Vaughan, Hallowell, ca. 1820.
		+
		+	Image:2291.jpg\|Southwick, J, and J Chace. ''Map of Kennebec Co., Maine'', 1856.
		+
		+	Image:2291_detail1.jpg\|Southwick, J, and J Chace. ''Map of Kennebec Co., Maine'', 1856 [detail].
		+
		+	Image:2291_detail2.jpg\|Southwick, J, and J Chace. ''Map of Kennebec Co., Maine'', 1856 [detail]. "C. Vaughan" is inscribed in the middle of the image.

	</gallery>		</gallery>

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 By 1799 [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan]] had hired the British gardener John Hesketh, who had previously served as head gardener at Lord Derby’s estate, Knowsley Hall, near Liverpool.<ref>Samuel Lane Boardman, “Appendix to Report on Kennebec County,” in ''Twelfth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture'' (Augusta, ME: Stevens & Sayward, Printers to the State, 1867), 220, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/6R33CCIB view on Zotero].</ref> Capability Brown had designed Knowsley’s [[kitchen garden]] and [[park]] in the mid-1770s, and his ideas appear to have influenced Hesketh’s landscape work at Hallowell. [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan’s]] house became renowned for the striking manner in which cultivated [[flower garden]]s and [[orchard]]s near the house were juxtaposed against the seemingly untamed [[wilderness]] of the woodland [[park]]. Following a visit to Hallowell in 1807, <span id=Dwight_Hallowell_cite"></span>[[Timothy Dwight]] praised the “romantic” setting of [[Benjamin Vaughan|Vaughan’s]] house, especially the [[wilderness]], which had been “left absolutely in the state of nature,” with paths “appearing to have been trodden out by the feet of wild animals, [rather] than to have been contrived, and [[bridge]]s, so rude and inartificial, as to seem the result of accident, rather than the effect of labour.” All this reflected “the best taste,” leading to [[Timothy Dwight|Dwight]]’s conclusion, “I know not so handsome an appendage of nature to any gentleman’s [[seat]] in this country” ([[#Dwight_Hallowell|view text]]).<ref>Dwight 1821, 2: 218, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/W4USVF49 view on Zotero].</ref>
 The gardens at [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan’s]] house were extensive, occupying several acres. Samuel Lane Boardman (1836&ndash;1914), a journalist who grew up near Hallowell, recalled that “Some ten or twelve men were constantly employed in it during the season of growth and besides containing all the most common varieties of vegetables the new sorts imported from Europe were here tested and if they proved valuable disseminated throughout the State.”<ref>Boardman 1865, 189&ndash;90, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TV2AZBT3 view on Zotero].</ref> The [[flower garden]] featured “numerous [[alley]]s” and “wide [[walk]]s . . . between slightly raised [[bed]]s of flowers, interspersed with apple and other fruit trees.”<ref>William Warren Vaughan, ''Hallowell Memories'' (Hallowell, ME: Privately printed, 1931), 46&ndash;40, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FEN2E98M view on Zotero]; Sheppard 1865, 14, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JUK7VZVU view on Zotero].</ref> [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan’s]] grandson, William Manning Vaughan (1807&ndash;1891), recalled that in the early 19th century his aunts grew foxglove, narcissus, and roses in the portion of the garden nearest the house, while his grandmother grew herbs—such as peppermint and chamomile—which she distributed for medicinal purposes.<ref>William Warren Vaughan interview of 1891 quoted on [https://vaughanhomestead.org/news/the-search-for-benjamins-garden-a-history-mystery/ Vaughan Homestead Foundation website].</ref> An ascending path led to a [[summerhouse]] that afforded panoramic [[view]]s of the village and riverine landscape.<ref>Sheppard 1865, 14, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JUK7VZVU view on Zotero].</ref> Adjoining the gardens was a fruit and nut [[orchard]], and [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan]] also operated a flourishing commercial [[nursery]]. He and his wife were known for their generosity in sharing seeds and cuttings from the garden with the numerous neighbors and international visitors who came to see it.<ref>Boardman 1865, 190, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TV2AZBT3 view on Zotero].</ref> [[Benjamin Vaughan|Vaughan’s]] aesthetic approach to developing the family property evidently riled his brother Charles, who, in 1800, chided that he should focus more exclusively on preparing the land for cultivation&mdash;“the more that can be prepared the better, and whether it looks well or ill is no object.”<ref>Murray 1989, 387, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KUPH6CQ8 view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 40: / Line 41: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="5">
-Image:2209.jpg|Charles Vaughan, Hallowell, ca. 1820. Collections of Maine Historical Society, 2002.216.002, https://www.mainememory.net/artifact/8093.
+Image:2289.jpg|Dr. Benjamin Vaughan, Hallowell, ca. 1800.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ==Other Resources==
 [https://vaughanhomestead.org/news/the-search-for-benjamins-garden-a-history-mystery/ “The Search for Benjamin’s Garden: A History Mystery,” Vaughan Homestead Foundation Website]
 <hr>

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==History==
 [[File:2209.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, Charles Vaughan, Hallowell, ca. 1820.]]
-Benjamin Hallowell’s son-in-law, [[Samuel Vaughan]], had been interested in establishing a Unitarian community at Hallowell since about 1784. Ten years later, his son Charles (1759&ndash;1839) settled in Hallowell, where he built a large, two-story house fronted by a [[piazza]] on a high plateau overlooking the Kennebec River in Hallowell [Fig. 1]..<ref>John H. Sheppard, ''Reminiscences of the Vaughan Family, and More Particularly of Benjamin Vaughan, LL.D.'' (Boston: David Clapp & Son, 1865), 10, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JUK7VZVU view on Zotero].</ref> John Hannibal Sheppard (1791&ndash;1873), who moved to Hallowell as a child in 1793, later recalled the striking appearance of this “White House on the hill”: “False taste had planted no trees on the summit to hide it from the distant [[view]], and it stood out in bold relief to the eye; for sufficient was the back ground of a mountain forest to make a finish in the rural picture.”<ref>Sheppard 1865, 16, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JUK7VZVU view on Zotero].</ref> The house was subsequently occupied and much improved by Charles Vaughan’s elder brother, [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Benjamin Vaughan]], who immigrated to America in 1797 with the aim of living in rustic simplicity at Hallowell. After surveying the family homestead, however, he confessed himself “agrieved and ashamed that what was designed and ought to have been the model of the country has long been one of its reproaches. I find . . . the whole domain looking like a wretched piece of English [[common]].”<ref>Murray 1989, 384, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KUPH6CQ8 view on Zotero].</ref>
+Benjamin Hallowell’s son-in-law, [[Samuel Vaughan]], had been interested in establishing a Unitarian community at Hallowell since about 1784. Ten years later, his son Charles (1759&ndash;1839) settled in Hallowell, where he built a large, two-story house fronted by a [[piazza]] on a high plateau overlooking the Kennebec River in Hallowell [Fig. 1].<ref>John H. Sheppard, ''Reminiscences of the Vaughan Family, and More Particularly of Benjamin Vaughan, LL.D.'' (Boston: David Clapp & Son, 1865), 10, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JUK7VZVU view on Zotero].</ref> John Hannibal Sheppard (1791&ndash;1873), who moved to Hallowell as a child in 1793, later recalled the striking appearance of this “White House on the hill”: “False taste had planted no trees on the summit to hide it from the distant [[view]], and it stood out in bold relief to the eye; for sufficient was the back ground of a mountain forest to make a finish in the rural picture.”<ref>Sheppard 1865, 16, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/JUK7VZVU view on Zotero].</ref> The house was subsequently occupied and much improved by Charles Vaughan’s elder brother, [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Benjamin Vaughan]], who immigrated to America in 1797 with the aim of living in rustic simplicity at Hallowell. After surveying the family homestead, however, he confessed himself “agrieved and ashamed that what was designed and ought to have been the model of the country has long been one of its reproaches. I find . . . the whole domain looking like a wretched piece of English [[common]].”<ref>Murray 1989, 384, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KUPH6CQ8 view on Zotero].</ref>
 By 1799 [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan]] had hired the British gardener John Hesketh, who had previously served as head gardener at Lord Derby’s estate, Knowsley Hall, near Liverpool.<ref>Samuel Lane Boardman, “Appendix to Report on Kennebec County,” in ''Twelfth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture'' (Augusta, ME: Stevens & Sayward, Printers to the State, 1867), 220, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/6R33CCIB view on Zotero].</ref> Capability Brown had designed Knowsley’s [[kitchen garden]] and [[park]] in the mid-1770s, and his ideas appear to have influenced Hesketh’s landscape work at Hallowell. [[Benjamin Vaughan|Dr. Vaughan’s]] house became renowned for the striking manner in which cultivated [[flower garden]]s and [[orchard]]s near the house were juxtaposed against the seemingly untamed [[wilderness]] of the woodland [[park]]. Following a visit to Hallowell in 1807, <span id=Dwight_Hallowell_cite"></span>[[Timothy Dwight]] praised the “romantic” setting of [[Benjamin Vaughan|Vaughan’s]] house, especially the [[wilderness]], which had been “left absolutely in the state of nature,” with paths “appearing to have been trodden out by the feet of wild animals, [rather] than to have been contrived, and [[bridge]]s, so rude and inartificial, as to seem the result of accident, rather than the effect of labour.” All this reflected “the best taste,” leading to [[Timothy Dwight|Dwight]]’s conclusion, “I know not so handsome an appendage of nature to any gentleman’s [[seat]] in this country” ([[#Dwight_Hallowell|view text]]).<ref>Dwight 1821, 2: 218, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/W4USVF49 view on Zotero].</ref>