Green - Revision history

A-Whitlock at 14:14, March 31, 2021

2021-03-31T14:14:23Z

V-Federici at 15:03, February 3, 2021

2021-02-03T15:03:37Z

V-Federici: /* Attributed */

2020-12-10T20:14:19Z

Attributed

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-12-03T11:04:56Z

Inscribed

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-12-03T11:02:25Z

Inscribed

V-Federici at 12:32, July 15, 2020

2020-07-15T12:32:06Z

V-Federici at 12:27, July 15, 2020

2020-07-15T12:27:56Z

M-Westerby: /* Associated */

2020-07-02T17:51:58Z

Associated

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-07-01T15:06:25Z

Inscribed

M-Westerby: /* Associated */

2020-06-03T20:20:56Z

Associated

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
-[[File:0100.jpg|thumb|Fig. 5, John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College, 1792.]]
+[[File:0100.jpg|thumb|Fig. 5, John Trumbull, Plan for Old Brick Rowe, 1793]]
 *Birket, James, October 9, 1750, describing Yale College, New Haven, CT (1916: 36)<ref>James Birket, ''Some Cursory Remarks (Made by James Birket in His Voyage to North America 1750–1751'') (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1916), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/3Q6SNP8A/ view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“YALE COLLEDGE [''sic'']. . . A new one [structure] of Brick which Seems to be About 3 foot Above the Ground & And will front towards a large Spacious '''green''' in the Middle of the town.” [Fig. 5]
@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 Image:0881.jpg|Anonymous, ''Plan de la ville et environs de Williamsburg en Virginie, America'', 1782.
-Image:0100.jpg|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College, 1792.
+Image:0100.jpg|John Trumbull, Plan for Old Brick Rowe, 1793
 Image:0324.jpg|William Russell Birch, “Back of the State House, Philadelphia,” 1800.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 The term green in American landscape design was used to describe two types of landscape features. The first was level [[plat]]s or [[lawn]]s, often the setting for garden buildings such as the [[summerhouse]] described in 1762 at [[Belmont (Philadelphia)|Belmont]], Judge [[William Peters|William Peters's]] estate near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, or other garden features, such as the [[basin]] at Crowfield, William Middleton’s [[plantation]] near Charleston, South Carolina, reported by [[Eliza Lucas Pinckney]] in 1743. These [[lawn]]s sometimes had utilitarian functions, <span id="Elder_cite"></span>as with the “bleaching green” that Walter Elder described in 1849 for whitening laundry in the sunshine ([[#Elder|view text]]). The usage of the term to describe a level [[lawn]] may have been related to “greensward” (used rarely but synonymously with [[lawn]]) or [[bowling green]], although these connections are not articulated in any of the treatises or descriptions (see [[Bowling green]] and [[Lawn]]).
-<div id="Fig_2"></div>[[File:0324.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, William Russell Birch, ''Back of the State House, Philadelphia'', 1800.]]
+<div id="Fig_2"></div>[[File:0324.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, William Russell Birch, “Back of the State House, Philadelphia,” 1800.]]
 The second and more frequent use of the term referred to open public spaces, generally centrally located in towns or villages and particularly characteristic of New England settlements, such as that described by John Warner Barber (1844) at Taunton, Massachusetts ([[#Barber|view text]]). <span id="Barber_cite"></span>For a detailed discussion of the variety of New England settlement patterns, and the history of open spaces in town planning, see [[Common]]. Like [[common]]s and [[square]]s, greens were admired for their spaciousness within the close confines of a town, as conveyed by the descriptions of Newcastle, Delaware, in 1727 and New Haven, Connecticut, in 1750. Town greens also provided open space for communal gatherings such as military exercises, markets, or special ceremonial occasions such as the Cherokee dance performance on the green of the Governor’s Palace in Williamsburg, Virginia [Fig. 1], or the Marquis de Lafayette’s procession in Newark, New Jersey, in 1824. Greens set the stage for the kind of social promenading and recreation depicted in William Russell Birch's illustration of the [[State House Yard]] in Philadelphia [Fig. 2]. In addition to serving multiple purposes as a communal space, the green was often a setting for prominent public buildings: meetinghouses, watch houses, and government buildings. Greens were also used for the purpose of [[burying ground]]s, as at New Haven, and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. These public greens were landscaped with grass, walkways or paths, and shade trees, often planted around the perimeter or alongside the [[walk]]s. The level of ornamentation ranged from the simple tree plantings, as depicted in Barber’s view of Newark [Fig. 3], <span id="Martin_cite"></span>to more elaborate plantings, such as the rows of elms and poplars and gravel [[walk]]s described by William Dickinson Martin in 1809 in Philadelphia ([[#Martin|view text]]). Chronologically, these designs register an increasing use of ornamentation, particularly in New England in the second quarter of the 19th century, reflecting the prosperity and development of the village commercial centers.
@@ Line 144: / Line 144: @@
 Image:0100.jpg|John Trumbull, Master Plan for Yale College, 1792.
-Image:0324.jpg|William Russell Birch, ''Back of the State House, Philadelphia'', 1800.
+Image:0324.jpg|William Russell Birch, “Back of the State House, Philadelphia,” 1800.
 Image:0882.jpg|Anonymous, Plan of Williamsburg, Virginia (copy after Unknown Draftsman’s Plan), after 1800.

@@ Line 165: / Line 165: @@
 ===Attributed===
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
 Image:0982.jpg|L. S. Punderson, ''Public [[Square]], New Haven, Ct.'', 1862.

@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 Image:0510.jpg|[[Charles Fraser]], ''A [[View]] in Charleston taken from Savage’s '''Green''''', 1796.
-Image:1153.jpg|J. G. Hales, Plan of Mansion House, Garden &c. in Portsmouth, Belonging to James Rundlet Esqr., 1812. "''1. Mansion House, '''Green''' &c.''"
+Image:1153.jpg|J. G. Hales, ''Plan of Mansion House, Garden &c. in Portsmouth, Belonging to James Rundlet Esqr., 1812''. "''1. Mansion House, '''Green''' &c.''"
 Image:1741.jpg|Peter Aaron van Dorn, ''Map of City of Jackson'', Mississippi, 1822. "College '''Green''',” "Capital '''Green''',” and "Court '''Green'''" at the top of the plan.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:02, December 3, 2020
Line 125:		Line 125:

	Image:0510.jpg\|[[Charles Fraser]], ''A [[View]] in Charleston taken from Savage’s '''Green''''', 1796.		Image:0510.jpg\|[[Charles Fraser]], ''A [[View]] in Charleston taken from Savage’s '''Green''''', 1796.
		+
		+	Image:1153.jpg\|J. G. Hales, Plan of Mansion House, Garden &c. in Portsmouth, Belonging to James Rundlet Esqr., 1812. "''1. Mansion House, '''Green''' &c.''"

	Image:1741.jpg\|Peter Aaron van Dorn, ''Map of City of Jackson'', Mississippi, 1822. "College '''Green''',” "Capital '''Green''',” and "Court '''Green'''" at the top of the plan.		Image:1741.jpg\|Peter Aaron van Dorn, ''Map of City of Jackson'', Mississippi, 1822. "College '''Green''',” "Capital '''Green''',” and "Court '''Green'''" at the top of the plan.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 The term green in American landscape design was used to describe two types of landscape features. The first was level [[plat]]s or [[lawn]]s, often the setting for garden buildings such as the [[summerhouse]] described in 1762 at [[Belmont (Philadelphia)|Belmont]], Judge [[William Peters|William Peters's]] estate near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, or other garden features, such as the [[basin]] at Crowfield, William Middleton’s [[plantation]] near Charleston, South Carolina, reported by [[Eliza Lucas Pinckney]] in 1743. These [[lawn]]s sometimes had utilitarian functions, <span id="Elder_cite"></span>as with the “bleaching green” that Walter Elder described in 1849 for whitening laundry in the sunshine ([[#Elder|view text]]). The usage of the term to describe a level [[lawn]] may have been related to “greensward” (used rarely but synonymously with [[lawn]]) or [[bowling green]], although these connections are not articulated in any of the treatises or descriptions (see [[Bowling green]] and [[Lawn]]).
-<div id="Fig_2"></div>[[File:0324.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, William Russell Birch, ''Back of the State House, Philadelphia'', 1800. [[#Fig_2_cite|Back to text.]]]]
+<div id="Fig_2"></div>[[File:0324.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, William Russell Birch, ''Back of the State House, Philadelphia'', 1800.]]
 The second and more frequent use of the term referred to open public spaces, generally centrally located in towns or villages and particularly characteristic of New England settlements, such as that described by John Warner Barber (1844) at Taunton, Massachusetts ([[#Barber|view text]]). <span id="Barber_cite"></span>For a detailed discussion of the variety of New England settlement patterns, and the history of open spaces in town planning, see [[Common]]. Like [[common]]s and [[square]]s, greens were admired for their spaciousness within the close confines of a town, as conveyed by the descriptions of Newcastle, Delaware, in 1727 and New Haven, Connecticut, in 1750. Town greens also provided open space for communal gatherings such as military exercises, markets, or special ceremonial occasions such as the Cherokee dance performance on the green of the Governor’s Palace in Williamsburg, Virginia [Fig. 1], or the Marquis de Lafayette’s procession in Newark, New Jersey, in 1824. Greens set the stage for the kind of social promenading and recreation depicted in William Russell Birch's illustration of the [[State House Yard]] in Philadelphia [Fig. 2]. In addition to serving multiple purposes as a communal space, the green was often a setting for prominent public buildings: meetinghouses, watch houses, and government buildings. Greens were also used for the purpose of [[burying ground]]s, as at New Haven, and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. These public greens were landscaped with grass, walkways or paths, and shade trees, often planted around the perimeter or alongside the [[walk]]s. The level of ornamentation ranged from the simple tree plantings, as depicted in Barber’s view of Newark [Fig. 3], <span id="Martin_cite"></span>to more elaborate plantings, such as the rows of elms and poplars and gravel [[walk]]s described by William Dickinson Martin in 1809 in Philadelphia ([[#Martin|view text]]). Chronologically, these designs register an increasing use of ornamentation, particularly in New England in the second quarter of the 19th century, reflecting the prosperity and development of the village commercial centers.
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 *<div id="Martin"></div>Martin, William Dickinson, May 20, 1809, describing the [[State House Yard]], Philadelphia, PA (Colonial Williamsburg Foundation),
-:“The [[State House Yard|State House]]. . . is a large building on the south side of Chestnut Street. . . Attached to the State House, is a large '''green''' occupying a whole [[square]] to Walnut Street. This is a neat place, ornamented with rows of Elms & Poplars: as also having handsome gravel [[walk]]s, one of which extends thro' the Centre with grass [[plot]]s on each side. The whole is enclosed in high brick [[wall]]s.” [<span id="Fig_2_cite"></span>[[#Fig_2|See Fig. 2]]] [[#Martin_cite|back up to History]]
+:“The [[State House Yard|State House]]. . . is a large building on the south side of Chestnut Street. . . Attached to the State House, is a large '''green''' occupying a whole [[square]] to Walnut Street. [<span id="Fig_2_cite"></span>[[#Fig_2|See Fig. 2]]] This is a neat place, ornamented with rows of Elms & Poplars: as also having handsome gravel [[walk]]s, one of which extends thro' the Centre with grass [[plot]]s on each side. The whole is enclosed in high brick [[wall]]s.” [[#Martin_cite|back up to History]]

@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 Image:1998.jpg|Anonymous, Plan of Williamsburg, Virginia (Unknown Draftsman’s Plan), c. 1800.
-Image:0407.jpg|Amos Doolittle, ''A View of the Buildings of Yale College at New Haven'', 1807.
+Image:0407.jpg|Amos Doolittle, ''A [[View]] of the Buildings of Yale College at New Haven'', 1807.
 Image:0816.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “Yale College. (Newhaven),” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American Scenery'', 2 vols. (1840), vol. 1, pl. 35.
@@ Line 164: / Line 164: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-Image:0982.jpg|L. S. Punderson, ''Public Square, New Haven, Ct.'', 1862.
+Image:0982.jpg|L. S. Punderson, ''Public [[Square]], New Haven, Ct.'', 1862.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 Image:1117.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “The Gothic Church. (Newhaven),” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American Scenery'', 2 vols. (1840), vol. 2, pl. 6.
-Image:0664.jpg|John Warner Barber, “The Lower Green, or Military Common, Newark, N.J.,” in ''Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey'' (1844), pl. opp. 176.
+Image:0664.jpg|John Warner Barber, “The Lower '''Green''', or Military [[Common]], Newark, N.J.,” in ''Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey'' (1844), pl. opp. 176.
 Image:0663.jpg|John Warner Barber, “College of New Jersey, Princeton,” in ''Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey'' (1844), pl. opp. 266.

@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-Image:0510.jpg|[[Charles Fraser]], ''A View in Charleston taken from Savage’s Green'', 1796.
+Image:0510.jpg|[[Charles Fraser]], ''A [[View]] in Charleston taken from Savage’s '''Green''''', 1796.
-Image:1741.jpg|Peter Aaron van Dorn, ''Map of City of Jackson'', Mississippi, 1822. "College Green,” "Capital Green,” and "Court Green" at the top of the plan.
+Image:1741.jpg|Peter Aaron van Dorn, ''Map of City of Jackson'', Mississippi, 1822. "College '''Green''',” "Capital '''Green''',” and "Court '''Green'''" at the top of the plan.
 Image:1435.jpg|John Warner Barber (artist), S. E. Brown (engraver), “Central Part of Taunton, Mass.,” in John Warner Barber, ''Historical Collections'' (1844), pl. opp 141.
-Image:1269.jpg|Solomon Drowne, Detailed plan of a botanic garden at Brown University, n.d. Green is inscribed at the bottom of the plan.
+Image:1269.jpg|Solomon Drowne, Detailed plan of a [[botanic garden]] at Brown University, n.d. '''Green''' is inscribed at the bottom of the plan.
 </gallery>