Fall/Falling garden - Revision history

A-whitlock at 19:45, August 10, 2021

2021-08-10T19:45:29Z

V-Federici at 16:23, April 7, 2021

2021-04-07T16:23:02Z

V-Federici at 16:21, April 7, 2021

2021-04-07T16:21:22Z

V-Federici at 11:36, January 28, 2021

2021-01-28T11:36:26Z

V-Federici at 10:53, January 28, 2021

2021-01-28T10:53:09Z

V-Federici: /* Attributed */

2020-11-12T09:47:52Z

Attributed

V-Federici at 11:07, August 6, 2020

2020-08-06T11:07:22Z

V-Federici at 14:40, June 22, 2020

2020-06-22T14:40:40Z

A-Whitlock at 14:56, January 27, 2020

2020-01-27T14:56:00Z

V-Federici at 19:19, December 31, 2019

2019-12-31T19:19:39Z

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, August 10, 2021
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	File:0056.jpg\|[[John Bartram\|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of [[Bartram_Botanic_Garden_and_Nursery\|John Bartram’s House and Garden]] as it appears from the River", 1758.		File:0056.jpg\|[[John Bartram\|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of [[Bartram_Botanic_Garden_and_Nursery\|John Bartram’s House and Garden]] as it appears from the River", 1758.
		+
		+	File:0207_detail.jpg\|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'' [detail], 1803-05.

	File:0207.jpg\|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.		File:0207.jpg\|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-File:0187.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Mount Clare, south façade and garden, 1775.
+File:0187.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], [[Mount]] Clare, south façade and garden, 1775.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ===Usage===
-[[File:0187.jpg|thumb|right|Fig. 6, Anonymous, Mount Clare, n.d.]]
+[[File:0187.jpg|thumb|right|Fig. 6, Charles Willson Peale, Mount Clare, south façade and garden, 1775.]]
 * Ambler, Mary M., 1770, describing Mount Clare, [[plantation]] of Charles and Margaret Tilgham Carroll, Baltimore, MD (quoted in Sarudy 1989: 138–39)<ref name="Sarudy">Barbara Wells Sarudy, “Eighteenth-Century Gardens of the Chesapeake,” ''Journal of Garden History'' 9 (1989): 104–59, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/PGSNXHMJ view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-File:0187.jpg|Anonymous, Mount Clare, n.d.
+File:0187.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Mount Clare, south façade and garden, 1775.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 File:1042.jpg|Michael van der Gucht, Illustration for chapter entitled: “Of different [[terrace|Terrasses]] and Stairs, with their most exact Proportions,” in A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712), pl. opp. 117.
-File:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River", 1758.
+File:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of [[Bartram_Botanic_Garden_and_Nursery|John Bartram’s House and Garden]] as it appears from the River", 1758.
 File:0207.jpg|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.

@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 File:1042.jpg|Michael van der Gucht, Illustration for chapter entitled: “Of different [[terrace|Terrasses]] and Stairs, with their most exact Proportions,” in A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712), pl. opp. 117.
-File:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], ''A Draught of [[John Bartram|John Bartram’s]] House and Garden as it appears from the River'', 1758.
+File:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River", 1758.
 File:0207.jpg|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.

@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 File:0207.jpg|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.
-File:0124.jpg|Jane Shearer, Brick House with [[Terrace]]s, 1806, in Sotheby’s New York, ''Important American Schoolgirl Embroideries'' (January 2012): 80.
+File:0124.jpg|Jane Shearer, Brick House with [[Terrace]]s, 1806, in Sotheby’s New York, ''Important American Schoolgirl Embroideries'' (January 2012): 80.<ref>Sotheby’s New York, ''Important American Schoolgirl Embroideries'' (January 2012), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/I9SQRZDH view on Zotero].</ref>
 File:0102.jpg|Joseph Jacques Ramée, Plan of the Campus Grounds, Union College, 1813.

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
-* [[George Washington|Washington, George]], February 12, 1785, describing [[Mount Vernon]], [[plantation]] of [[George Washington]], Fairfax County, VA (Jackson and Twohig, eds., 1978: 4:89)<ref>George Washington, ''The Diaries of George Washington'', ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, 6 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/9ZIIR3FT view on Zotero].</ref>
+*Washington, George, February 12, 1785, describing [[Mount Vernon]], [[plantation]] of George Washington, Fairfax County, VA (Jackson and Twohig, eds., 1978: 4:89)<ref>George Washington, ''The Diaries of George Washington'', ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, 6 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/9ZIIR3FT view on Zotero].</ref>
 : “Planted Eight young Pair Trees sent me by Doctr. Craik in the following places. . .
@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 File:1849.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], ''Lower falls of Schuylkill, 5 miles from Philadelphia'', c. 1770.
-File:0331.jpg|[[George Washington]], ''Drawing and Notes for a [[Ha-Ha]] Wall at [[Mount Vernon]], October 1798'', 1798.
+File:0331.jpg|George Washington, ''Drawing and Notes for a [[Ha-Ha]] Wall at [[Mount Vernon]], October 1798'', 1798.
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, June 22, 2020
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−	* Watson, John Fanning, 1857, describing the garden of Israel Pemberton, Philadelphia, PA (1857: 1:375)<ref>John Fanning Watson, ''Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in the Olden Time. . .'', 2 vols. (Philadelphia: E. Thomas, 1857), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5PTKBUW2 view on Zotero].</ref>	+	* Watson, John Fanning, 1857, describing the garden of Israel Pemberton, Philadelphia, PA (1857: 1:375)<ref>John Fanning Watson, ''Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in the Olden Time. . . '', 2 vols. (Philadelphia: E. Thomas, 1857), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5PTKBUW2 view on Zotero].</ref>

	: “The garden itself being upon an inclined plane, had three or four '''falls''' or platforms.”		: “The garden itself being upon an inclined plane, had three or four '''falls''' or platforms.”

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 [[File:1112.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, [[Anthony St. John Baker]] (artist), B. King (lithograper), ''[[Riversdale]], near Bladensburg'', 1827.]]
-In 1789 Thomas Sheridan defined a fall as a “declivity” or “steep descent.” In American gardens, these inclines were commonly either [[slope]]s (located between [[terrace]]s) or flats, as at Mount Clare in Baltimore. A garden composed of a series of falls and [[terrace]]s was often called a falling garden. Level areas were generally connected by ramps or, more rarely, by stairs [Fig. 1]. In order to prevent erosion, steep falls had to be carefully constructed and either covered with turf or reinforced with masonry. The turfed fall seems to have been the predominant means of constructing a falling garden in America. Even so, evidence exists of gardens that had a single retaining [[wall]] between two levels, such as those at [[Riversdale]] in Maryland [Fig. 2], and examples of far more elaborate falling gardens with retaining [[wall]]s were illustrated by [[Michael van der Gucht]] [Fig. 3]. As a reference to a descent of water, “fall” is discussed in this study as a specialized water feature (see [[Cascade]]).
+In 1789 Thomas Sheridan defined a fall as a “declivity” or “steep descent.” In American gardens, these inclines were commonly either [[slope]]s (located between [[terrace]]s) or flats, as at Mount Clare in Baltimore. A garden composed of a series of falls and [[terrace]]s was often called a falling garden. Level areas were generally connected by ramps or, more rarely, by stairs [Fig. 1]. In order to prevent erosion, steep falls had to be carefully constructed and either covered with turf or reinforced with masonry. The turfed fall seems to have been the predominant means of constructing a falling garden in America. Even so, evidence exists of gardens that had a single retaining [[wall]] between two levels, such as those at [[Riversdale]] in Maryland [Fig. 2], and examples of far more elaborate falling gardens with retaining [[wall]]s were illustrated by Michael van der Gucht [Fig. 3]. As a reference to a descent of water, “fall” is discussed in this study as a specialized water feature (see [[Cascade]]).
-[[File:1042.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 3, [[Michael van der Gucht]], Illustration for chapter entitled: “Of different [[terrace|Terrasses]] and Stairs, with their most exact Proportions,” in [[A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville]], ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712), pl. opp. 117.]]
+[[File:1042.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 3, Michael van der Gucht, Illustration for chapter entitled: “Of different [[terrace|Terrasses]] and Stairs, with their most exact Proportions,” in A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712), pl. opp. 117.]]
 [[File:0632.jpg|thumb|Fig. 4, Anonymous, [[View]] of the [[terrace]]s at Middleton Place, in Alice B. Lockwood, ''Gardens of Colony and State'', 2 vols. (1934), 2:196.]]
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-File:1042.jpg|[[Michael van der Gucht]], Illustration for chapter entitled: “Of different [[terrace|Terrasses]] and Stairs, with their most exact Proportions,” in [[A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville]], ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712), pl. opp. 117.
+File:1042.jpg|Michael van der Gucht, Illustration for chapter entitled: “Of different [[terrace|Terrasses]] and Stairs, with their most exact Proportions,” in A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712), pl. opp. 117.
 File:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], ''A Draught of [[John Bartram|John Bartram’s]] House and Garden as it appears from the River'', 1758.
-File:0207.jpg|[[Francis Guy]], ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.
+File:0207.jpg|Francis Guy, ''Mt. Deposit'', 1803–5.
 File:0124.jpg|Jane Shearer, Brick House with [[Terrace]]s, 1806, in Sotheby’s New York, ''Important American Schoolgirl Embroideries'' (January 2012): 80.