Elgin Botanic Garden - Revision history

M-westerby at 22:42, August 16, 2021

2021-08-16T22:42:23Z

V-Federici at 18:29, February 8, 2021

2021-02-08T18:29:09Z

V-Federici at 14:36, August 3, 2020

2020-08-03T14:36:39Z

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A-Whitlock at 16:46, January 13, 2020

2020-01-13T16:46:11Z

A-Whitlock at 16:45, January 13, 2020

2020-01-13T16:45:27Z

L-Baradel: /* Overview */

2019-12-30T18:59:47Z

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2019-06-20T14:12:18Z

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2019-06-20T14:09:27Z

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A-brey: /* Texts */ fixing punctuation in footnote

2019-06-17T15:30:27Z

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2019-06-17T15:27:35Z

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-The '''Elgin Botanic Garden''', established in 1801 in New York City by Dr. [[David Hosack]] (1769&ndash;1835), was a systematic arrangement of plants for scientific and pedagogical purposes. It served as a garden for teaching botany and materia medica at both the medical school of Columbia College and the College of Physicians and Surgeons. It was located in the area that is now midtown Manhattan.
+{{Place
+|Alternate names=Botanic Garden of the State of New York
-==Overview==
+|Established Present=No
-'''Alternate Names:''' Botanic Garden of the State of New York<br/>
+|Established Date=1801
-'''Site Dates:''' 1801&ndash;1811<br/>
+|Established Circa=No
-'''Site Owner(s):''' [[David Hosack]] (1769&ndash;1835); The State of New York; The College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia College<br/>
+|Established Concurrence=Exact
-'''Associated People:''' Andrew Gentle (gardener); Frederick Pursh (gardener, 1774&ndash;1820); Michael Dennison (seedsman)<br/>
+|Established Questionable=No
-'''Location:''': New York, NY<br/>
+|Established HasEndDate=No
-'''Condition:''' demolished<br/>
+|Established Present End=No
+|Established Circa End=No
 <hr>

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 <span id="Sketch_cite"></span>[[David Hosack|Hosack]] reportedly had “in cultivation at the commencement of 1805, nearly fifteen hundred American plants, besides a considerable number of rare and valuable exotics” ([[#Sketch|view text]]). <span id="Indies_cite"></span>The following year, when he published the first catalog of the garden, the number of plants had grown to nearly 2,000 species, with the “the greater part of [the twenty acres] . . . now in cultivation” ([[#Indies|view text]]). <span id="Jefferson_cite"></span> While continuing to collect plants with the aid of well-connected friends such as [[Thomas Jefferson]] ([[#Jefferson|view text]]), Hosack turned his attention to laying out the grounds, ensuring that they were not only “arranged and planted agreeably to the most approved stile of ornamental gardening,” but also according to scientific taxonomies and the conditions of climate and terrain best suited to each plant.<ref>David Hosack, ''Description of the Elgin Garden, The Property of David Hosack, M.D.'' (New York: The author, 1810), 1&ndash;4, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/8HF2852Z view on Zotero].</ref> By 1810 when he published his ''Description of the Elgin Garden'', [[David Hosack|Hosack]] had carried out the plan outlined in his 1806 ''Catalogue'' of encircling the garden with a “belt of forest trees and shrubs, native and exotic.” This “judiciously chequered and mingled” collection was comprised of “the oak, the plane, the elm, the sugar maple, the locust, the horse chesnut, the mountain ash, the basket willow, and various species of poplar.” In front of these trees a “similarly varied collection” of native and foreign shrubs was laid out in the form of an amphitheatre, “which, winding with the [[walk]]s, presents at every step something new and engaging.” On the opposite side of the garden, “the eye reposes on the green [[lawn]] which is occasionally intercepted with groups of trees and shrubs happily adapted to its varied surface.” [[Walk]]s on either side of the garden led to compartments of plants laid out according to their scientific order, and beyond them lay a nursery of fruit trees, a [[pond]] “devoted to the varieties of nymphoea, pontederia and other aquatics,” and native plants, such as rhododendron, magnolias, and willows, which favored the moist ground adjacent to the [[pond]]. At higher elevations, rocky outcroppings were planted with “varied species of pine, juniper, yew, and hemlock.” In the vicinity of the [[greenhouse]] and [[hothouse]]s were shrubs arranged in [[clump]]s and [[border]]s containing flowering plants. <span id="Description_cite"></span>Throughout the garden, every tree, shrub, and plant bore a label with its botanic name “for the instruction of the student.” The entire garden was enclosed by a stone [[wall]], seven feet high and two and-a-half feet thick ([[#Description|view text]]).<ref>Hosack 1810, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/8HF2852Z view on Zotero]; cf. David Hosack, ''A Catalogue of Plants Contained in the Botanic Garden at Elgin: In the Vicinity of New York, Established in 1801'' (New York: T. & J. Swords, 1806), 4, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/ZFGHH3VJ view on Zotero].</ref>
-[[File:2060.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 4, William Satchwell Leney after James Inderwick, “The Canada Thistle,” in David Hosack, “Botanical description of the Canada Thistle or Cnicus Arvensis,” ''American Medical and Philosophical Register'' 1 (October 1810): facing p. 212.]]
+[[File:2060.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 4, William Satchwell Leney after James Inderwick, “The Canada Thistle,” in David Hosack, “Botanical description of the Canada Thistle or Cnicus Arvensis,” ''American Medical and Philosophical Register'' 1 (October 1810): facing 212.]]
 Following his appointment in 1808 as professor of natural history at New York’s College of Physicians and Surgeons, Samuel Latham Mitchill conducted open-air classes at the Elgin Botanic Garden. An unidentified student who made multiple visits to the garden in 1810 reported that Mitchell was assisted by “two promising young botanists”: James Inderwick (c. 1788&ndash;1815), a Columbia graduate who had stayed on to take anatomy and chemistry classes at the medical school in 1808&ndash;9, and [[David Hosack|Hosack’s]] nephew, Caspar Wistar Eddy (1790–1828), who in 1807, while still a medical student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, had created an herbarium and published a catalogue, ''Plantae Plandomenses'', documenting plants indigenous to Mitchill’s 230-acre Long Island estate.<ref>Caspar Wistar Eddy, “Plantae Plandomenses, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing Spontaneously in the Neighbourhood of Plandome, the Country Residence of Samuel L. Mitchill,” ''Medical Repository'' 5, no. 2 (August&ndash;October 1807): 123&ndash;31, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/3QEBP63M view on Zotero]; ''Catalogue of the Alumni, Officers and Fellows of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York'' (New York: Baker & Godwin, 1859), 22, 27, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/FK359GQN view on Zotero]; ''Catalogue of Columbia College, in the City of New-York; Embracing the Names of Its Trustees, Officers, and Graduates'' (New York: Columbia College, 1844), 37, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/MJAWNGN9 view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Correspondent_cite"></span>According to the student, Eddy was responsible for “demonstrating the marks peculiar to the species,” while Inderwick “expound[ed] the characters which distinguish the genus” ([[#Correspondent|view text]]). <span id="Eddy_lecture_cite"></span>After receiving his M.D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1811, Eddy himself began conducting lectures on botany at the Elgin Botanic Garden in May 1812 ([[#Eddy_lecture|view text]]).
 [[File:2061.jpg|thumb|Fig. 5, John Eatton Le Conte, “Viola,” in ''Observations on the genera Viola. Utricularia and Gratiola'', c. 1824.]]

@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 :“As it has always been a primary object of attention to collect and cultivate in this establishment, the native plants of this country, especially such as are possessed of medicinal properties, or are otherwise useful, such gardeners as were practically acquainted with our indigenous productions, have been employed to procure them: how far this end has been attained, will be best seen by an examination of the Catalogue.
-:“Although much has been done by the governments of Great-Britain, France, Spain, Sweden, and Germany, in the investigation of the vegetable productions of America: although much has been accomplished by the labours of [[Mark Catesby|[Mark] ''Catesby'']], [Pehr] ''Kalm'', [Friedrich Adam Julius von] ''Wangenheim'', [Johann David] ''Schoepf'', [Thomas] ''Walter'', and the ''Michaux'' [André and François André]; and by our countrymen [John] ''Clayton'', the ''Bartrams'' [[John Bartram|[John]] and [[William Bartram|William]]], [[Cadwallader Colden|[Cadwallader] ''Colden'']], [Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst] ''Muhlenberg'', [[Humphry Marshall|[Humphry] ''Marshall'']], [[Manasseh Cutler|[Manasseh] ''Cutler'']], and the learned Professor [Benjamin Smith] ''Barton'' of Pennsylvania, much yet remains to be done in this western part of the globe. The numerous articles of medicine which this country has already furnished; the variety of soils and climates which it comprehends, encourage the belief, that many more remain to be discovered, and that the Materia Medica may still be enriched by the addition of many indigenous plants, whose virtues yet remain undiscovered.
+:“Although much has been done by the governments of Great-Britain, France, Spain, Sweden, and Germany, in the investigation of the vegetable productions of America: although much has been accomplished by the labours of Mark Catesby|, [Pehr] ''Kalm'', [Friedrich Adam Julius von] ''Wangenheim'', [Johann David] ''Schoepf'', [Thomas] ''Walter'', and the ''Michaux'' [André and François André]; and by our countrymen [John] ''Clayton'', the ''Bartrams'' [[John Bartram|[John]] and [[William Bartram|William]]], [[Cadwallader Colden|[Cadwallader] ''Colden'']], [Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst] ''Muhlenberg'', [[Humphry Marshall|[Humphry] ''Marshall'']], [[Manasseh Cutler|[Manasseh] ''Cutler'']], and the learned Professor [Benjamin Smith] ''Barton'' of Pennsylvania, much yet remains to be done in this western part of the globe. The numerous articles of medicine which this country has already furnished; the variety of soils and climates which it comprehends, encourage the belief, that many more remain to be discovered, and that the Materia Medica may still be enriched by the addition of many indigenous plants, whose virtues yet remain undiscovered.
 :“Another object of importance is, to afford to students of medicine, the means of acquiring a knowledge of the natural history of plants, and the principles of botanic arrangement; a science intimately connected with their profession, as it not only enables them to distinguish one plant from another, but frequently leads to an acquaintance with their medicinal virtues. For this purpose the grounds are divided into different compartments, calculated to exhibit the various plants according to their several properties: and these again are so arranged as to afford a practical illustration of the systems of botany at present most esteemed, viz. the sexual system of Linnaeus, and the natural orders of [Antoine Laurent de] ''Jussieu''.

@@ Line 324: / Line 324: @@
 Image:2061.jpg|John Eatton Le Conte, “Viola,” in ''Observations on the genera Viola. Utricularia and Gratiola'', c. 1824.
 </gallery>
 <hr>

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 '''Site Dates:''' 1801&ndash;1811<br/>
 '''Site Owner(s):''' [[David Hosack]] (1769&ndash;1835); The State of New York; The College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia College<br/>
-'''Associated People:''' Andrew Gentle (gardener); Frederick Pursh (1774&ndash;1820, gardener); Michael Dennison (seedsman)<br/>
+'''Associated People:''' Andrew Gentle (gardener); Frederick Pursh (gardener, 1774&ndash;1820); Michael Dennison (seedsman)<br/>
 '''Location:''': New York, NY<br/>
 '''Condition:''' demolished<br/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, June 20, 2019
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	*Mr. D., October 15, 1810, defending the state acquisition of Elgin Botanic Garden from the points raised in the letter of Mr. B, above (''Columbian'' 297: n.p.)<ref>Quoted in part in Johnson 2019, 230; D, “Botanic Garden: Answers of Mr. D. of Albany, to Mr. B.’s Letter, on the Botanic Garden,” ''The Columbian,'' October 15, 1810, n.p., [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/EWWDTGX6 view on Zotero].</ref>		*Mr. D., October 15, 1810, defending the state acquisition of Elgin Botanic Garden from the points raised in the letter of Mr. B, above (''Columbian'' 297: n.p.)<ref>Quoted in part in Johnson 2019, 230; D, “Botanic Garden: Answers of Mr. D. of Albany, to Mr. B.’s Letter, on the Botanic Garden,” ''The Columbian,'' October 15, 1810, n.p., [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/EWWDTGX6 view on Zotero].</ref>

−	:“During my visit to New-York I have also prevailed on our mutual friend, Mr. W. to accompany me to the [[Botanic Garden]]; and here again I must differ from you entirely. The reason for this difference arises from our having formed different systems as to what ought to constitute a [[Botanic Garden]]. My idea of an establishment of that kind is, that it ought to comprehend useful trees, shrubs and plants, domestic, naturalized and exotic, arranged in a proper state for use and preservation, and with a view to display their qualities, characters, properties and uses to the best advantage. Jet d’eaus [''sic''], artificial [[cascade]]s, purling streams, mossy caverns, [[portico]]s, knolls, [[grotto]]s, griffons and dolphins vomiting forth water, are foreign from the nature of a Botanic establishment; and however pleasant they may be at a gentleman’s country [[seat]], or in a [[pleasure garden]], yet surely nothing is more ridiculous than to require them in a scientific institution. I perceive, my friend, that your prolific imagination was teeming with the [[arbor]]s, and [[Summerhouse\|summer-houses]], and mead and cakes, and ice creams, of our far-famed Columbia Gardens on the Hill of Albany; and that you were dreaming of the fire-works, rockets and vertical suns, and water bells, and other ingenious contrivances, of monsieur Delacroix; and that your fancy was even insensibly tinctured with the mossy [[seat]]s, umbrageous [[arbor]]s, and sunny banks of the celebrated garden of ''Petit Paphos''; or most assuredly you would not have faulted the poor [[Botanic Garden]] for not being an ornamental garden, or for not being laid out into elegant [[walk]]s like the ''Leasowes'' of ''Shenstone'', or the ''Twickenham'' of ''Pope''. I observe that you have drawn freely upon lord ''Orford''’s ideas of gardening, which, however just when properly applied, cease to be so when irrelevant. When I visited the garden, I did not exclaim in the language of reprobation, ‘Here is no reading-room like ''Cook''’s, no cabinet of natural history like ''Trowbridge''’s, no baths like ''M’Donald''’s, no museum like ''Scudder''’s, no water-works like ''Corre''’s, no fireworks like ''Delacroix''’s, no city library, no serpentine rivers, no chateaus, no steeples, no men in the moon.’ But I took a view of the grounds; I found them well laid out for the growth and preservation of the vegetables which occupied them, furnished with a great variety and assortment to the value of 12,000 dollars, and which the state is to receive gratuitously. I also observed [[Greenhouse\|green-houses]] and [[Hothouse\|hot-houses]] of great extent and expense, and extremely well calculated to protect them against cold and moisture. In short, I discovered the greatest collection of valuable vegetables which I ever witnessed; and whether there were knolls or [[grotto]]s, I did not indeed take the trouble to inquire; for which sin of omission I must most humbly crave your indulgence.”	+	:“During my visit to New-York I have also prevailed on our mutual friend, Mr. W. to accompany me to the [[Botanic Garden]]; and here again I must differ from you entirely. The reason for this difference arises from our having formed different systems as to what ought to constitute a [[Botanic Garden]]. My idea of an establishment of that kind is, that it ought to comprehend useful trees, shrubs and plants, domestic, naturalized and exotic, arranged in a proper state for use and preservation, and with a view to display their qualities, characters, properties and uses to the best advantage. [[Jet\|Jet d’eaus]] [''sic''], artificial [[cascade]]s, purling streams, mossy caverns, [[portico]]s, knolls, [[grotto]]s, griffons and dolphins vomiting forth water, are foreign from the nature of a Botanic establishment; and however pleasant they may be at a gentleman’s country [[seat]], or in a [[pleasure garden]], yet surely nothing is more ridiculous than to require them in a scientific institution. I perceive, my friend, that your prolific imagination was teeming with the [[arbor]]s, and [[Summerhouse\|summer-houses]], and mead and cakes, and ice creams, of our far-famed Columbia Gardens on the Hill of Albany; and that you were dreaming of the fire-works, rockets and vertical suns, and water bells, and other ingenious contrivances, of monsieur Delacroix; and that your fancy was even insensibly tinctured with the mossy [[seat]]s, umbrageous [[arbor]]s, and sunny banks of the celebrated garden of ''Petit Paphos''; or most assuredly you would not have faulted the poor [[Botanic Garden]] for not being an ornamental garden, or for not being laid out into elegant [[walk]]s like the ''Leasowes'' of ''Shenstone'', or the ''Twickenham'' of ''Pope''. I observe that you have drawn freely upon lord ''Orford''’s ideas of gardening, which, however just when properly applied, cease to be so when irrelevant. When I visited the garden, I did not exclaim in the language of reprobation, ‘Here is no reading-room like ''Cook''’s, no cabinet of natural history like ''Trowbridge''’s, no baths like ''M’Donald''’s, no museum like ''Scudder''’s, no water-works like ''Corre''’s, no fireworks like ''Delacroix''’s, no city library, no serpentine rivers, no chateaus, no steeples, no men in the moon.’ But I took a view of the grounds; I found them well laid out for the growth and preservation of the vegetables which occupied them, furnished with a great variety and assortment to the value of 12,000 dollars, and which the state is to receive gratuitously. I also observed [[Greenhouse\|green-houses]] and [[Hothouse\|hot-houses]] of great extent and expense, and extremely well calculated to protect them against cold and moisture. In short, I discovered the greatest collection of valuable vegetables which I ever witnessed; and whether there were knolls or [[grotto]]s, I did not indeed take the trouble to inquire; for which sin of omission I must most humbly crave your indulgence.”

@@ Line 179: / Line 179: @@
 :“‘Hic latis otia fundis, Speluncae, vivique lacus, hic frigida Tempe Mugitusque bovum, molesque sub arbore somni.’
-:“Thinking, however, that this spot, although totally devoid of every species of beauty and ornament, might still be well stocked with all the varieties of exotic and indigenous plants, ‘from the cedar of Lebanon down to the hyssop of the wall,’ we visited the interior of the green-house. There we found orange and lemon trees, geraniums, two or three coffee and pine-apple plants, and all those little ''quelques choses'' which are usually to be seen in the gardens of private gentlemen, but nothing whatever of national importance.
+:“Thinking, however, that this spot, although totally devoid of every species of beauty and ornament, might still be well stocked with all the varieties of exotic and indigenous plants, ‘from the cedar of Lebanon down to the hyssop of the wall,’ we visited the interior of the [[Greenhouse|green-house]]. There we found orange and lemon trees, geraniums, two or three coffee and pine-apple plants, and all those little ''quelques choses'' which are usually to be seen in the gardens of private gentlemen, but nothing whatever of national importance.
 :“Such, my friend, is what is absurdly called the [[Botanic Garden|''botanic'' garden]]. . . .”

@@ Line 171: / Line 171: @@
-*Mr. B, October 3, 1810, describing his objections to the state purchase of Elgin Botanic Garden (''Columbian''  287: n.p.)<ref>Quoted in part in Victoria Johnson, ''American Eden: David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic'' (New York: Liveright, 2019), 229–30; B, “Botanic Garden: Letter from Mr. B to His Friends in Albany,” ''The Columbian,'' October 3, 1810, n.p. [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/7TQZT8DG view on Zotero].</ref>
+*Mr. B, October 3, 1810, describing his objections to the state purchase of Elgin Botanic Garden (''Columbian''  287: n.p.)<ref>Quoted in part in Victoria Johnson, ''American Eden: David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic'' (New York: Liveright, 2019), 229–30; B, “Botanic Garden: Letter from Mr. B to His Friends in Albany,” ''The Columbian,'' October 3, 1810, n.p., [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/7TQZT8DG view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“As this spot has engrossed much of the public attention; and as its vast utility and splendor, and the immense fortune said to have been consumed in the embellishment of it have long been blazoned through the country, you may readily imagine that I expected to find something, if not rivalling, at least not inferior to, what you and I have witnessed in Europe. I was prepared to see a garden possessing all the various exotics of the celebrated ''Jardin national des plantes,'' and outstripping in the splendor of its disposition the ''Thulleries'', the ''Champs Elisees,'' the ''Bois-de-Boulogne,'' of France, and ''Hyde Park'' and ''Kensington,'' of England. My fancy pictured to me something very magnificent. I imagined an entrance of massive [[gate]]s, crowned with crouching lions; winding [[woods]] whose recesses were adorned with winged Mercuries, Cupids, Naiads and timid Fauns. I fancied [[grotto]]s, and knolls, and mossy caverns, and irriguous [[fountain]]s, and dolphins vomiting forth huge [[cascade]]s, and griffons, and chateaus. All that we find in Shenstone’s Leasows [''sic''], or the idyls of Virgil or Gesner, were marshalled before my mental speculation. Nor is it at all astonishing that my imagination should have been thus creative, when you reflect on the enormous value which has been set up on this garden by the appraisers appointed by law. ''One hundred and three thousand'' dollars, you know, is about four times as much as either ‘''Mousseux,''’ the splendid retreat of the duke of Orleans, or ‘''Le Petit Trianon''’, the once luxurious abode of Marie Antoinette, were sold for.
@@ Line 184: / Line 184: @@
-*Mr. D., October 15, 1810, defending the state acquisition of Elgin Botanic Garden from the points raised in the letter of Mr. B, above (''Columbian'' 297: n.p.)<ref>Quoted in part in Johnson 2019, 230; D, “Botanic Garden: Answers of Mr. D. of Albany, to Mr. B.’s Letter, on the Botanic Garden,” ''The Columbian,'' October 15, 1810.[https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/EWWDTGX6 view on Zotero].</ref>
+*Mr. D., October 15, 1810, defending the state acquisition of Elgin Botanic Garden from the points raised in the letter of Mr. B, above (''Columbian'' 297: n.p.)<ref>Quoted in part in Johnson 2019, 230; D, “Botanic Garden: Answers of Mr. D. of Albany, to Mr. B.’s Letter, on the Botanic Garden,” ''The Columbian,'' October 15, 1810, n.p., [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/EWWDTGX6 view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“During my visit to New-York I have also prevailed on our mutual friend, Mr. W. to accompany me to the [[Botanic Garden]]; and here again I must differ from you entirely. The reason for this difference arises from our having formed different systems as to what ought to constitute a [[Botanic Garden]]. My idea of an establishment of that kind is, that it ought to comprehend useful trees, shrubs and plants, domestic, naturalized and exotic, arranged in a proper state for use and preservation, and with a view to display their qualities, characters, properties and uses to the best advantage. Jet d’eaus [''sic''], artificial [[cascade]]s, purling streams, mossy caverns, [[portico]]s, knolls, [[grotto]]s, griffons and dolphins vomiting forth water, are foreign from the nature of a Botanic establishment; and however pleasant they may be at a gentleman’s country [[seat]], or in a [[pleasure garden]], yet surely nothing is more ridiculous than to require them in a scientific institution. I perceive, my friend, that your prolific imagination was teeming with the [[arbor]]s, and [[Summerhouse|summer-houses]], and mead and cakes, and ice creams, of our far-famed Columbia Gardens on the Hill of Albany; and that you were dreaming of the fire-works, rockets and vertical suns, and water bells, and other ingenious contrivances, of monsieur Delacroix; and that your fancy was even insensibly tinctured with the mossy [[seat]]s, umbrageous [[arbor]]s, and sunny banks of the celebrated garden of ''Petit Paphos''; or most assuredly you would not have faulted the poor [[Botanic Garden]] for not being an ornamental garden, or for not being laid out into elegant [[walk]]s like the ''Leasowes'' of ''Shenstone'', or the ''Twickenham'' of ''Pope''. I observe that you have drawn freely upon lord ''Orford''’s ideas of gardening, which, however just when properly applied, cease to be so when irrelevant. When I visited the garden, I did not exclaim in the language of reprobation, ‘Here is no reading-room like ''Cook''’s, no cabinet of natural history like ''Trowbridge''’s, no baths like ''M’Donald''’s, no museum like ''Scudder''’s, no water-works like ''Corre''’s, no fireworks like ''Delacroix''’s, no city library, no serpentine rivers, no chateaus, no steeples, no men in the moon.’ But I took a view of the grounds; I found them well laid out for the growth and preservation of the vegetables which occupied them, furnished with a great variety and assortment to the value of 12,000 dollars, and which the state is to receive gratuitously. I also observed [[Greenhouse|green-houses]] and [[Hothouse|hot-houses]] of great extent and expense, and extremely well calculated to protect them against cold and moisture. In short, I discovered the greatest collection of valuable vegetables which I ever witnessed; and whether there were knolls or [[grotto]]s, I did not indeed take the trouble to inquire; for which sin of omission I must most humbly crave your indulgence.”