Column/Pillar - Revision history

A-Whitlock at 19:57, October 30, 2020

2020-10-30T19:57:17Z

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-09-08T13:43:43Z

Inscribed

V-Federici: /* Images */

2020-08-10T13:19:37Z

Images

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-05-28T14:42:57Z

Inscribed

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-04-23T12:59:01Z

Inscribed

V-Federici at 17:48, April 6, 2020

2020-04-06T17:48:19Z

V-Federici at 17:45, April 6, 2020

2020-04-06T17:45:15Z

A-Whitlock at 19:16, January 24, 2020

2020-01-24T19:16:48Z

E-athens at 16:06, July 23, 2018

2018-07-23T16:06:04Z

E-athens at 16:05, July 23, 2018

2018-07-23T16:05:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, October 30, 2020
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	File:1802.jpg\|Augustus Köllner, Baltimore Battle Monument, 1848.		File:1802.jpg\|Augustus Köllner, Baltimore Battle Monument, 1848.
		+
		+	Image:2000.jpg\|Robert Cary Long Jr., Washington Monument and Howard’s Park, c. 1829.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 ==Images==
 ===Inscribed===
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
@@ Line 131: / Line 130: @@
 File:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small '''columns'''. . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, August 10, 2020
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	File:2162.jpg\|[[Thomas Jefferson]], ''[[Monticello]]: 1st version (elevation)'', probably before March 1771.		File:2162.jpg\|[[Thomas Jefferson]], ''[[Monticello]]: 1st version (elevation)'', probably before March 1771.
−
−	File:1746.jpg\|[[William Bartram]], Plan of a “[[plantation]]” (or “villa”) of a Creek Indian chief, in “Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians” (1789), from ''Transactions of the American Ethnological Society'', vol. 3, part 1 (1853): 38, fig. 1.

	File:0829.jpg\|[[Robert Mills]], ''Elevation of the Principal Fronts'', [[Washington Monument (Baltimore)\|Washington Monument]], Baltimore, 1814.		File:0829.jpg\|[[Robert Mills]], ''Elevation of the Principal Fronts'', [[Washington Monument (Baltimore)\|Washington Monument]], Baltimore, 1814.

@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 File:1785.jpg|Batty and Thomas Langley, “Five new Order of '''Columns''', Plain & Enriched,” in ''Gothic Architecture'' (1747), pl. 1.
-File:1747.jpg|[[William Bartram]], “Arrangement of the Chunky-Yard, Public [[Square]], and Rotunda of the ''modern'' Creek towns,” in “Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians” (1789), from ''Transactions of the American Ethnological Society'', vol. 3, part 1 (1853): 54, fig. 3.
+File:1747.jpg|[[William Bartram]], “Arrangement of the Chunky-Yard, Public [[Square]], and Rotunda of the ''modern'' Creek towns,” in “Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians” (1789), from ''Transactions of the American Ethnological Society'', vol. 3, part 1 (1853): 54, fig. 3. "B. . . the punctures show the '''pillars''' or '''columns'''. . ."
 File:0163.jpg|John Rubens Smith (engraver), “A [[View]] of the Mansion of the late LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER in High Street, Newbury port. 1810,” 1810–20.

@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 File:0163.jpg|John Rubens Smith (engraver), “A [[View]] of the Mansion of the late LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER in High Street, Newbury port. 1810,” 1810–20.
-File:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
+File:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308. "R R R R four small '''columns''', 9 feet high"
 File:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small '''columns'''. . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:48, April 6, 2020
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−	*Latrobe, Mary Elizabeth, April 18, 1820, describing the home of [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]], New Orleans, LA (1951: 180)<ref>Benjamin Henry Latrobe, ''Impressions Respecting New Orleans: Diaries and Sketches, 1818-1820'', ed. Samuel Wilson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1951), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/~~SZEEBG9K~~ view on Zotero].</ref>	+	*Latrobe, Mary Elizabeth, April 18, 1820, describing the home of [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]], New Orleans, LA (1951: 180)<ref>Benjamin Henry Latrobe, ''Impressions Respecting New Orleans: Diaries and Sketches, 1818-1820'', ed. Samuel Wilson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1951), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/MJS5EE69 view on Zotero].</ref>

	:“We were walking on the Levee when our house was in [[view]]. I knew it by one high White painted '''Column''' with a large Ball on the top, it is surrounded to the Ball by a mass of foliage consisting of Multi flora yellow & white jasmine and the double Monthly or damask rose, the '''column''' itself being 18 inches or 2 feet in diameter.”		:“We were walking on the Levee when our house was in [[view]]. I knew it by one high White painted '''Column''' with a large Ball on the top, it is surrounded to the Ball by a mass of foliage consisting of Multi flora yellow & white jasmine and the double Monthly or damask rose, the '''column''' itself being 18 inches or 2 feet in diameter.”

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 :“B. An historic '''Column'''—also intended for a Mile or itinerary '''Column''', from whose station (a mile from the Federal house) all distances of places throughout the Continent to be calculated.
-:“C. A Naval itinerary '''Column''', proposed to be erected to celebrate the first prize of a Navy and to stand a ready Monument to consecrate its progress and achievements. . . .
+:“C. A Naval itinerary '''Column''', proposed to be erected to celebrate the first prize of a Navy and to stand a ready Monument to consecrate its progress and achievements. . .
-:“M. . . . The center of each [[Square]] will admit of [[Statue]]s, '''Columns''', [[Obelisk]]s, or any other ornament such as the different States may choose to erect: to perpetuate not only the memory of such individuals whose counsels or Military achievements were conspicuous in giving liberty and independence to this Country; but also those whose usefulness hath rendered them worthy of general imitation, to invite the youth of succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those sages, or heroes whom their country has thought proper to celebrate.”
+:“M. . . The center of each [[Square]] will admit of [[Statue]]s, '''Columns''', [[Obelisk]]s, or any other ornament such as the different States may choose to erect: to perpetuate not only the memory of such individuals whose counsels or Military achievements were conspicuous in giving liberty and independence to this Country; but also those whose usefulness hath rendered them worthy of general imitation, to invite the youth of succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those sages, or heroes whom their country has thought proper to celebrate.”
 *Anonymous, July 6, 1799, describing Vauxhall Garden in ''Spectator'', New York, NY (quoted in Eberlein and Hubbard 1944: 171)<ref name="Eberlein">Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, “The American ‘Vauxhall’ of the Federal Era Article Stable,” ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 68 (1944): 150–74, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/RVGSTS36 view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“At 5 o’clock in the evening, the sixteen colours of each [[Summer-house]] were carried, at the sound of the music, to the Grand Temple of Independence, which is 20 feet diameter, and 20 feet high . . . in the middle of which was presented, the Bust of the great Washington as large as life, and near him a Grand Gold '''Column''', representing the Constitution, and below the said '''Column''' the Figure of Fame, 6 feet high, presenting to him with one hand a Crown of Laurel, and with the other holding a Trumpet, announcing to the public that she crowns Real Merit.”
+:“At 5 o’clock in the evening, the sixteen colours of each [[Summer-house]] were carried, at the sound of the music, to the Grand Temple of Independence, which is 20 feet diameter, and 20 feet high. . . in the middle of which was presented, the Bust of the great Washington as large as life, and near him a Grand Gold '''Column''', representing the Constitution, and below the said '''Column''' the Figure of Fame, 6 feet high, presenting to him with one hand a Crown of Laurel, and with the other holding a Trumpet, announcing to the public that she crowns Real Merit.”
 *Anonymous, June 25, 1805, describing in the ''New York Daily Advertiser'' Vauxhall Gardens, New York, NY (quoted in Eberlein and Hubbard 1944: 172)<ref name="Eberlein"></ref>
-:“The labour and expence of this establishment has exceeded that of any similar one in the Untied States . . . [that] he has at a very considerable risk and expence, procured from Europe a choice selection of [[Statue]]s and Busts, mostly from the first models of Antiquity . . . the [[walk]]s are ornamented with '''Pillars''', [[Arch]]es, Pedestals, Figures, &c. the whole of which when illuminated, cannot fail to create pleasure.”
+:“The labour and expence of this establishment has exceeded that of any similar one in the Untied States. . . [that] he has at a very considerable risk and expence, procured from Europe a choice selection of [[Statue]]s and Busts, mostly from the first models of Antiquity. . . the [[walk]]s are ornamented with '''Pillars''', [[Arch]]es, Pedestals, Figures, &c. the whole of which when illuminated, cannot fail to create pleasure.”
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 *Trollope, Frances Milton, 1830, describing Baltimore, MD (1832: 1:290–92)<ref>Frances Milton Trollope, ''Domestic Manners of the Americans'', 2nd ed., 2 vols. (London: Wittaker, Treacher & Co., 1832), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/T5RXDF7G view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“The noble '''column''' erected to the memory of Washington, and the Catholic Cathedral, with its beautiful dome, being built on a commanding [[eminence]], are seen at a great distance. . . . [Fig. 5]
+:“The noble '''column''' erected to the memory of Washington, and the Catholic Cathedral, with its beautiful dome, being built on a commanding [[eminence]], are seen at a great distance. . . [Fig. 5]
 :“This has been called the city of monuments, from its having the stately '''column''' erected to the memory of General Washington, and which bears a colossal [[statue]] of him at the top; and another '''pillar''' of less dimensions, recording some victory; I forget which. Both these are of brilliant white marble.”
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 *Knapp, Samuel, 1848, describing the house of Timothy Dexter, Newburyport, MA (1848: 19–20)<ref>Samuel L. Knapp, ''Life of Lord Timothy Dexter'' (Newburyport, MA: John G. Tilton, 1848), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CHXTAR49/ view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“In all the agitations of a vitiated taste, Dexter went on with his ''supposed improvements''. In the garden, which extended several hundreds of feet on the noble high-way, passing in front of it, and was filled with fruit and flowers of indigenous growth, or those imported from Europe, or acclimated from warmer regions, the tasteless owner, in his rage for notoriety, created rows of '''columns''', fifteen feet at least, high, on which to place colossal images carved in wood. . . . On the '''columns''' in the garden there were figures of Indian chiefs, military generals, philosophers, politicians and statesmen, now and then a goddess of Fame, or Liberty, meretricious enough to be either. If he, in the plentitude of his generosity, raised a '''column''' to a great man to-day, he reserved the liberty of changing his name to-morrow; and often the painter’s brush made or unmade a fierce warrior. General Morgan, yesterday; is Bonaparte to-day; and the great Corsican leader was often as much neglected in the garden of the capricious Dexter, as he afterwards was at St. Helena. But Dexter was more of a gentleman than Sir Hudson Lowe, and never passed Bonaparte—even when he was not so great a favorite—without touching his hat.
+:“In all the agitations of a vitiated taste, Dexter went on with his ''supposed improvements''. In the garden, which extended several hundreds of feet on the noble high-way, passing in front of it, and was filled with fruit and flowers of indigenous growth, or those imported from Europe, or acclimated from warmer regions, the tasteless owner, in his rage for notoriety, created rows of '''columns''', fifteen feet at least, high, on which to place colossal images carved in wood. . . On the '''columns''' in the garden there were figures of Indian chiefs, military generals, philosophers, politicians and statesmen, now and then a goddess of Fame, or Liberty, meretricious enough to be either. If he, in the plentitude of his generosity, raised a '''column''' to a great man to-day, he reserved the liberty of changing his name to-morrow; and often the painter’s brush made or unmade a fierce warrior. General Morgan, yesterday; is Bonaparte to-day; and the great Corsican leader was often as much neglected in the garden of the capricious Dexter, as he afterwards was at St. Helena. But Dexter was more of a gentleman than Sir Hudson Lowe, and never passed Bonaparte—even when he was not so great a favorite—without touching his hat.
 :“There were upwards of forty of the figures, including four lions, two couchant, and two passant. These were well carved, and attracted more attention from those who had any taste than all the exhibition except the [[arch]], on which stood the three presidents.” [Fig. 7]
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 *[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon|Loudon, J. C. (John Claudius)]], 1850, describing Charleston, SC (1850: 331–32)<ref>J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon, ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening; Comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape-Gardening'', new ed. (London: Longman et al., 1850), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/W8EQFZUG view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“853. ''At Charleston''. . . . The greater part of the habitations have [[piazza]]s and spacious balconies. Upon the [[wall]]s and '''columns''' are creeping vines, and a great number of passion flowers. (''Flint’s Geography and History of the United States'', vol. ii. p. 4).”
+:“853. ''At Charleston''. . . The greater part of the habitations have [[piazza]]s and spacious balconies. Upon the [[wall]]s and '''columns''' are creeping vines, and a great number of passion flowers. (''Flint’s Geography and History of the United States'', vol. ii. p. 4).”
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
-*[[Chambers, Ephraim]], 1741–43, ''Cyclopaedia'' (1741: 1:n.p.)<ref>Ephraim Chambers, ''Cyclopaedia, or An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. . . .'', 5th ed., 2 vols. (London: D. Midwinter et al., 1741), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/PTXK378N view on Zotero].</ref>
+*[[Chambers, Ephraim]], 1741–43, ''Cyclopaedia'' (1741: 1:n.p.)<ref>Ephraim Chambers, ''Cyclopaedia, or An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. . . '', 5th ed., 2 vols. (London: D. Midwinter et al., 1741), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/PTXK378N view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“'''COLUMN''', in architecture, a round '''pillar''', made to support, or adorn, a building. . . .
+:“'''COLUMN''', in architecture, a round '''pillar''', made to support, or adorn, a building. . .
-:“''Statuary'' '''COLUMN''', that which supports a [[statue]]. . . .
+:“''Statuary'' '''COLUMN''', that which supports a [[statue]]. . .
-:“''Symbolical'' '''COLUMN''', is a '''''column''''' representing some particular country, by the attributes proper thereto. . . .
+:“''Symbolical'' '''COLUMN''', is a '''''column''''' representing some particular country, by the attributes proper thereto. . .
 :“''Triumphal'' '''COLUMN''', a '''''column''''' erected among the ancients in honour of an hero; the joints of the stones, or courses whereof, were covered with as many crowns, as he had made different military expeditions.”
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-File:1725.jpg|James Gibbs, “Three Draughts of Obelisques,” in ''A Book of Architecture'' (1728), pl. 87.
+File:1725.jpg|James Gibbs, “Three Draughts of [[Obelisk|Obelisques]],” in ''A Book of Architecture'' (1728), pl. 87.
-File:1784.jpg|Vincenzo Scamozzi, ''The Order of the Five Collomnes'', in ''The Mirror of Architecture'' (1734), pl. 1.
+File:1784.jpg|Vincenzo Scamozzi, ''The Order of the Five '''Collomnes''''', in ''The Mirror of Architecture'' (1734), pl. 1.
-File:1785.jpg|Batty and Thomas Langley, “Five new Order of Columns, Plain & Enriched,” in ''Gothic Architecture'' (1747), pl. 1.
+File:1785.jpg|Batty and Thomas Langley, “Five new Order of '''Columns''', Plain & Enriched,” in ''Gothic Architecture'' (1747), pl. 1.
-File:1747.jpg|[[William Bartram]], “Arrangement of the Chunky-Yard, Public Square, and Rotunda of the ''modern'' Creek towns,” in “Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians” (1789), from ''Transactions of the American Ethnological Society'', vol. 3, part 1 (1853): 54, fig. 3.
+File:1747.jpg|[[William Bartram]], “Arrangement of the Chunky-Yard, Public [[Square]], and Rotunda of the ''modern'' Creek towns,” in “Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians” (1789), from ''Transactions of the American Ethnological Society'', vol. 3, part 1 (1853): 54, fig. 3.
-File:0163.jpg|John Rubens Smith (engraver), “A View of the Mansion of the late LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER in High Street, Newbury port. 1810,” 1810–20.
+File:0163.jpg|John Rubens Smith (engraver), “A [[View]] of the Mansion of the late LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER in High Street, Newbury port. 1810,” 1810–20.
 File:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
-File:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small columns . . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.
+File:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small '''columns'''. . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.
 </gallery>
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 File:1801.jpg|Thomas Kelah Wharton, ''[[Washington Monument (Baltimore)|Washington’s Monument]], Baltimore'', 1833.
-File:1034.jpg|Anonymous, “Monument of ‘Dr. Bigelow’” in ''The Picturesque Pocket Companion, and Visitor’s Guide, through Mount Auburn'' (1839), 113.
+File:1034.jpg|Anonymous, “Monument of ‘Dr. Bigelow’” in ''The [[Picturesque]] Pocket Companion, and Visitor’s Guide, through [[Mount Auburn Cemetery|Mount Auburn]]'' (1839), 113.
 File:1985.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “[[Washington Monument (Baltimore)|Washington’s Monument]], Baltimore,” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American Scenery'' (1840), vol. 2, pl. 47.
@@ Line 170: / Line 170: @@
 File:1458.jpg|Henry Cheever Pratt, ''The House of Gardiner Greene'', c. 1834.
-File:1113.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “Colonnade of Congress Hall. (Saratoga Springs),” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American scenery'' (1840), vol 2., pl. 10.
+File:1113.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “'''Colonnade''' of Congress Hall. (Saratoga Springs),” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American scenery'' (1840), vol 2., pl. 10.
 File:1122.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “The President’s House, From the River,” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American scenery'' (1840), vol. 2, pl. 17.

@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 File:0163.jpg|John Rubens Smith (engraver), “A View of the Mansion of the late LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER in High Street, Newbury port. 1810,” 1810–20.
-File:0935.jpg|[[Alexander Walsh]], “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
+File:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308.
 File:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small columns . . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 File:1034.jpg|Anonymous, “Monument of ‘Dr. Bigelow’” in ''The Picturesque Pocket Companion, and Visitor’s Guide, through Mount Auburn'' (1839), 113.
-File:1985.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “[[Washington Monument (Baltimore)|Washington’s Monument]], Baltimore,” in [[Nathaniel Parker Willis]], ''American Scenery'' (1840), vol. 2, pl. 47.
+File:1985.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “[[Washington Monument (Baltimore)|Washington’s Monument]], Baltimore,” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American Scenery'' (1840), vol. 2, pl. 47.
 </gallery>
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 File:1692.jpg|J. Clark (artist), “The Tuscan Order,” William Halfpenny, ''Practical Architecture'' (1724), pl. 6.
-File:1470.jpg|[[Philip Miller]], “The Ground Plan of the [[Green house]]” and “The Ground Plan of the two Stoves,” in ''The Gardeners Dictionary'' (1764), n.p.
+File:1470.jpg|Philip Miller, “The Ground Plan of the [[Green house]]” and “The Ground Plan of the two Stoves,” in ''The Gardeners Dictionary'' (1764), n.p.
 File:1152.jpg|Anonymous, ''The Lilacs'', Residence of Thomas Kidder [perspective rendering, front], c. 1810.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, July 23, 2018
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−	*Anonymous, July 6, 1799, describing Vauxhall Garden in ''Spectator '', New York, NY (quoted in Eberlein and Hubbard 1944: 171)<ref name="Eberlein">Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, “The American ‘Vauxhall’ of the Federal Era Article Stable,” ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 68 (1944): 150–74, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/RVGSTS36 view on Zotero].</ref>	+	*Anonymous, July 6, 1799, describing Vauxhall Garden in ''Spectator'', New York, NY (quoted in Eberlein and Hubbard 1944: 171)<ref name="Eberlein">Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, “The American ‘Vauxhall’ of the Federal Era Article Stable,” ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 68 (1944): 150–74, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/RVGSTS36 view on Zotero].</ref>

	:“At 5 o’clock in the evening, the sixteen colours of each [[Summer-house]] were carried, at the sound of the music, to the Grand Temple of Independence, which is 20 feet diameter, and 20 feet high . . . in the middle of which was presented, the Bust of the great Washington as large as life, and near him a Grand Gold '''Column''', representing the Constitution, and below the said '''Column''' the Figure of Fame, 6 feet high, presenting to him with one hand a Crown of Laurel, and with the other holding a Trumpet, announcing to the public that she crowns Real Merit.”		:“At 5 o’clock in the evening, the sixteen colours of each [[Summer-house]] were carried, at the sound of the music, to the Grand Temple of Independence, which is 20 feet diameter, and 20 feet high . . . in the middle of which was presented, the Bust of the great Washington as large as life, and near him a Grand Gold '''Column''', representing the Constitution, and below the said '''Column''' the Figure of Fame, 6 feet high, presenting to him with one hand a Crown of Laurel, and with the other holding a Trumpet, announcing to the public that she crowns Real Merit.”

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, July 23, 2018
Line 28:		Line 28:


−	*Anonymous, July 6, 1799, describing Vauxhall Garden in ~~the~~ ''Spectator '', New York, NY (quoted in Eberlein and Hubbard 1944: 171)<ref name="Eberlein">Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, “The American ‘Vauxhall’ of the Federal Era Article Stable,” ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 68 (1944): 150–74, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/RVGSTS36 view on Zotero].</ref>	+	*Anonymous, July 6, 1799, describing Vauxhall Garden in ''Spectator '', New York, NY (quoted in Eberlein and Hubbard 1944: 171)<ref name="Eberlein">Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, “The American ‘Vauxhall’ of the Federal Era Article Stable,” ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 68 (1944): 150–74, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/RVGSTS36 view on Zotero].</ref>

	:“At 5 o’clock in the evening, the sixteen colours of each [[Summer-house]] were carried, at the sound of the music, to the Grand Temple of Independence, which is 20 feet diameter, and 20 feet high . . . in the middle of which was presented, the Bust of the great Washington as large as life, and near him a Grand Gold '''Column''', representing the Constitution, and below the said '''Column''' the Figure of Fame, 6 feet high, presenting to him with one hand a Crown of Laurel, and with the other holding a Trumpet, announcing to the public that she crowns Real Merit.”		:“At 5 o’clock in the evening, the sixteen colours of each [[Summer-house]] were carried, at the sound of the music, to the Grand Temple of Independence, which is 20 feet diameter, and 20 feet high . . . in the middle of which was presented, the Bust of the great Washington as large as life, and near him a Grand Gold '''Column''', representing the Constitution, and below the said '''Column''' the Figure of Fame, 6 feet high, presenting to him with one hand a Crown of Laurel, and with the other holding a Trumpet, announcing to the public that she crowns Real Merit.”