Charles Willson Peale - Revision history

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A-whitlock at 19:36, August 12, 2021

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A-whitlock at 18:45, August 12, 2021

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2020-08-06T09:15:02Z

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V-Federici at 09:14, August 6, 2020

2020-08-06T09:14:00Z

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 |Birth Location=Chester, Maryland
 |Roles=Artist
-|Keywords=Arch; Basin; Bath/Bathhouse; Beehive; Fence; Green; Grove; Hedge; Meadow; Piazza; Plot/Plat; Pond; Summerhouse; Temple; View/Vista; Wall; Yard; Aviary/Bird cage/Birdhouse; Bed; Cascade/Cataract/Waterfall; Chinese manner; Column/Pillar; Deer park; Fall/Falling garden; Fountain; Gate/Gateway; Greenhouse; Icehouse; Jet; Obelisk; Pleasure ground/Pleasure garden; Pot; Seat; Shrubbery; Square; Statue; Vase/Urn; Walk; Wood/Woods
+|Keywords=Arch; Aviary/Bird cage/Birdhouse; Basin; Bath/Bathhouse; Bed; Beehive; Cascade/Cataract/Waterfall; Chinese manner; Column/Pillar; Deer park; Fall/Falling garden; Fence; Fountain; Gate/Gateway; Green; Greenhouse; Grove; Hedge; Icehouse; Jet; Meadow; Obelisk; Piazza; Pleasure ground/Pleasure garden; Plot/Plat; Pond; Pot; Seat; Shrubbery; Square; Statue; Summerhouse; Temple; Vase/Urn; View/Vista; Walk; Wall; Wood/Woods; Yard
 |Other resources={{ExternalLink
 |External link URL=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80025860.html
 |External link text=Library of Congress Authority File
 }}{{ExternalLink
 |External link URL=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1700654;jsessionid=E2BDFE704BA8A75B0070663D089EC2A5
@@ Line 210: / Line 213: @@
 File: 2301.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Mary White (Mrs. Robert) Morris (1749-1827), from life'', c. 1782.
 </gallery>
 ==Notes==

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 |Death Questionable End=No
 |Birth Location=Chester, Maryland
 |Other resources={{ExternalLink
 |External link URL=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80025860.html

@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 Image:0115.jpg|James Trenchard after Charles Willson Peale, “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of General Washington, April 20th. 1789,” in ''Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): pl. opp. 282.
-Image:0116.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of Belfield [detail], 1810.
+Image:0116.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of [[Belfield]] [detail], 1810.
-Image:2298.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of Belfield, 1810.
+Image:2298.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of [[Belfield]], 1810.
 Image:0560.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Ground [[Plot/Plat|plot]] of [[Belfield]], 1810.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, August 12, 2021
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	Image:0887.jpg\|Charles Willson Peale, “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers, “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3 (1969): 103.		Image:0887.jpg\|Charles Willson Peale, “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers, “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3 (1969): 103.
		+
		+	File: 2301.jpg\|Charles Willson Peale, ''Mary White (Mrs. Robert) Morris (1749-1827), from life'', c. 1782.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 |Death Questionable End=No
 |Birth Location=Chester, Maryland
 }}
 '''Charles Willson Peale''' (April 15, 1741&ndash;February 22, 1827) was an American artist, naturalist, and museum proprietor [Fig. 1]. He fought in the Revolutionary War under George Washington, of whom he made numerous portraits, and corresponded with [[Thomas Jefferson]] regarding their shared interest in natural history, agriculture, and landscape design. Their correspondence informed the development of his country retreat, [[Belfield]], just outside Philadelphia.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Charles Willson Peale''' (April 15, 1741&ndash;February 22, 1827) was an American artist, naturalist, and museum proprietor [Fig. 1]. He fought in the Revolutionary War under George Washington, of whom he made numerous portraits, and corresponded with [[Thomas Jefferson]] regarding their shared interest in natural history, agriculture, and landscape design. Their correspondence informed the development of his country retreat, [[Belfield]], just outside Philadelphia.
@@ Line 55: / Line 76: @@
 :<p>“This [[View]] is taken at a point [from] the Tennants house a small distance, by which you see the Roof of the Mantion over the Garden [[fence]] which are of boards on a Stone [[Wall]]. The Barn and one of the Barracks on the West, the Coach-House near the Center, Spring-house on the East side and the [[bathhouse|Bath House]] below it. There is 4 large Popplers (Tulip Tree) which crosses the Road, and the Lumbardy Poppler a row of them on your right hand. Just above the [[bathhouse|bath-House]] is a small fish [[pond]] with about 200 Catfish which I brought from the falls of Schulkill. . .</p>
 :<p>“In this [[view]] the stone steps at the End of the house is seen, which lead to the [[yard]] in front of the Garden, the Garden pails are on a stone [[wall]] on which grows Creepers now in full bloom they are a fine crimosen [''sic''] bell flowers in Clusters and an abundance of humming birds are daily sucking the honey. [[Green]] Gages, Damsons & quinces are along this [[wall]] & beneath rose bushes. you may discover a long Roof which has shelves for [[beehive|Bee hives]] conveniently situated to get their food from the flowers of the Garden.” [Fig. 9]</p>
-[[File:0116.jpg|thumb|225px|Fig. 9, Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of Belfield, 1810.]]
+[[File:0116.jpg|thumb|225px|Fig. 9, Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of Belfield [detail], 1810.]]
@@ Line 158: / Line 179: @@
 Image:0115.jpg|James Trenchard after Charles Willson Peale, “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of General Washington, April 20th. 1789,” in ''Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): pl. opp. 282.
-Image:0116.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of Belfield, 1810.
+Image:0116.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], Sketches of Belfield [detail], 1810.
 Image:0560.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Ground [[Plot/Plat|plot]] of [[Belfield]], 1810.

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
-[[File:0887.jpg|thumb|Fig. 7, Charles Willson Peale, “Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3. (1969): 103.]]
+[[File:0887.jpg|thumb|Fig. 7, Charles Willson Peale, “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3. (1969): 103.]]
 *Peale, Charles Willson, December 8, 1783, describing his triumphal [[arch]] erected in Philadelphia, PA (quoted in Sellers 1969: 196)<ref>Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3. (1969), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/CKDWT3TP view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“I am at this time employed in painting a transparent triumphal [[Arch]] for the Public rejoicings on the peace, and very much hurried.” [Fig. 7]
@@ Line 174: / Line 174: @@
 Image:2170.jpg|Titian Ramsay Peale, ''The Gigantic Mastodon'', January 1821.
-Image:0887.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, “Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3 (1969): 103.
+Image:0887.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3 (1969): 103.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 Image:0560.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Ground [[Plot/Plat|plot]] of [[Belfield]], 1810.
-Image:0010.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at [[Belfield]][detail], November 12, 1813.
+Image:0010.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at [[Belfield]] [detail], November 12, 1813.
 Image:0009.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at [[Belfield]], November 22, 1815.
@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 Image:1958.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Cabbage Patch, The Gardens of [[Belfield]], Pennsylvania'', c. 1815&ndash;16.
-Image:1957.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''[[Belfield]]Farm'', c. 1816.
+Image:1957.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''[[Belfield]] Farm'', c. 1816.
 Image:0044.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''[[View]] of the Garden at [[Belfield]]'', 1816.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Charles Willson Peale''' (April 15, 1741&ndash;February 22, 1827) was an American artist, naturalist, and museum proprietor [Fig. 1]. He fought in the Revolutionary War under [[George Washington]], of whom he made numerous portraits, and corresponded with [[Thomas Jefferson]] regarding their shared interest in natural history, agriculture, and landscape design. Their correspondence informed the development of his country retreat, [[Belfield]], just outside Philadelphia.
+'''Charles Willson Peale''' (April 15, 1741&ndash;February 22, 1827) was an American artist, naturalist, and museum proprietor [Fig. 1]. He fought in the Revolutionary War under George Washington, of whom he made numerous portraits, and corresponded with [[Thomas Jefferson]] regarding their shared interest in natural history, agriculture, and landscape design. Their correspondence informed the development of his country retreat, [[Belfield]], just outside Philadelphia.
 ==History==
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Born in straitened circumstances in Chester, Maryland, Charles Willson Peale initially pursued a variety of careers—saddler, harness-maker, upholsterer, and silversmith—before landing on the profession by which he would make his livelihood: portrait painter.<ref>David Ward, Charles Willson Peale: ''Art and Selfhood in the Early Republic'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 8–16, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/BCITM4SK view on Zotero].</ref> He began creating portraits of Maryland’s colonial elite, who later underwrote Peale’s travel to England. In the absence of art academies in the colonies, an academic art education required travel abroad. Supported by this group of wealthy Marylanders, thanks to his wife’s well-connected family, Peale sailed for London to study with the expatriate American artist, Benjamin West.<ref>Ward 2004, 26–29, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/BCITM4SK, view on Zotero].</ref>
-Peale’s three years abroad—from 1767 to 1770—enhanced his artistic skill and reputation, and his career continued to grow following his return from abroad. In 1776 he relocated his growing family from Maryland to Philadelphia, then the most cosmopolitan city in the British colonies, to develop an expanded network of patronage.<ref>Charles Coleman Sellers, ''Charles Willson Peale'' (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1969), 119–20, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/PWCSA5AD view on Zotero]. Peale would marry three times and have eighteen children, though only eleven of them would live to adulthood. See Kate Nearpass Ogden, “The Peale Family of Painters,” in ''The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia'', http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/.</ref> There he painted portraits of the city’s political figures and became politically engaged himself: he was a lieutenant in the Philadelphia militia during the American Revolution, and also fought in the Continental Army under General [[George Washington]].<ref>Ward 2004, 72–73, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/BCITM4SK view on Zotero].</ref> He would play an important role in developing Washington’s political image through the seventy portraits he made, beginning in 1772, of the noted military figure and first U.S. President.<ref>Sellers 1969, 99–100, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/PWCSA5AD view on Zotero]; Ward 2004, 45–46, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/BCITM4SK view on Zotero].</ref>
+Peale’s three years abroad—from 1767 to 1770—enhanced his artistic skill and reputation, and his career continued to grow following his return from abroad. In 1776 he relocated his growing family from Maryland to Philadelphia, then the most cosmopolitan city in the British colonies, to develop an expanded network of patronage.<ref>Charles Coleman Sellers, ''Charles Willson Peale'' (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1969), 119–20, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/PWCSA5AD view on Zotero]. Peale would marry three times and have eighteen children, though only eleven of them would live to adulthood. See Kate Nearpass Ogden, “The Peale Family of Painters,” in ''The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia'', http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/.</ref> There he painted portraits of the city’s political figures and became politically engaged himself: he was a lieutenant in the Philadelphia militia during the American Revolution, and also fought in the Continental Army under General George Washington.<ref>Ward 2004, 72–73, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/BCITM4SK view on Zotero].</ref> He would play an important role in developing Washington’s political image through the seventy portraits he made, beginning in 1772, of the noted military figure and first U.S. President.<ref>Sellers 1969, 99–100, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/PWCSA5AD view on Zotero]; Ward 2004, 45–46, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/BCITM4SK view on Zotero].</ref>
 [[File:2169_cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 2, Charles Willson Peale, ''[[William Bartram]]'', c. 1808.]]
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 *Peale, Charles Willson, August 2, 1813 and November 12, 1813, in a letter to his daughter, Angelica Peale Robinson, describing [[Belfield]] (Miller et al., eds., 1991: 3:202 and 216)<ref name="Miller_3"></ref>
-: [August 2, 1813] “We are now beginning to ornament about the House Our Garden is much admired, Franklin is shewing his taste in neat workmanship. He has built an Elligant [[summerhouse|Summer House]] on that commanding spot which you may remember being pointed out to you. It is a hexicon base with 6 well turned [[Pillar]]s supporting a circular Top & dome on which is placed a bust of [[George Washington|Genl. Washington]], it would have been more appopriate [''sic''] to have had 13 [[pillar]]s, but I did not want so large a building, and it was work enough for Franklin to turn those 6 [[pillar]]s which he was able to execute will [with] the layth in the mill.”
+: [August 2, 1813] “We are now beginning to ornament about the House Our Garden is much admired, Franklin is shewing his taste in neat workmanship. He has built an Elligant [[summerhouse|Summer House]] on that commanding spot which you may remember being pointed out to you. It is a hexicon base with 6 well turned [[Pillar]]s supporting a circular Top & dome on which is placed a bust of Genl. Washington, it would have been more appopriate [''sic''] to have had 13 [[pillar]]s, but I did not want so large a building, and it was work enough for Franklin to turn those 6 [[pillar]]s which he was able to execute will [with] the layth in the mill.”
 :[November 12, 1813] “I have made an [[obelisk|Oblisk]] to terminate a [[Walk]] in the Garden, read in Dictionary of Arts for description of them. I made it of rough boards & white washed it with lime & allum—The allum It is said will convert the lime in time to Stone. I have put the following motto on it—on one side ‘Never return an Injury, It is a noble Triumph to overcome Evil by Good.’ another, ‘Labour while you are able it will give health to the Body—peaceful content to the mind.’ another, ‘He that will live in peace & Rest, must hear, and see, and say the best & in french ‘y voy, & te tas, si tu veux vivre en paix.’ and on another ‘Neglect no Duty.’ The distick which I have adopted is claimed by several Nations, I have put the french because it is more concise & equally expressive.”
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 *Peale, Charles Willson, c. 1825, describing the Brideswell (Workhouse), New York, NY (Miller et al., eds., 2000: 5:167&ndash;68)<ref name="Miller_5"></ref>
-:“In the garden they saw the remains of the [[statue]] of Mr. Pitt . . . the head was gone and other parts much mutilated, This was done by the British, pehaps because the americans had broken to pieces the [[statue]] of King George, which was an equistrian [[statue]] of Lead, which they cast into bullets.”
+:“In the garden they saw the remains of the [[statue]] of Mr. Pitt. . . the head was gone and other parts much mutilated, This was done by the British, pehaps because the americans had broken to pieces the [[statue]] of King George, which was an equistrian [[statue]] of Lead, which they cast into bullets.”
 *Peale, Charles Willson, c. 1825, describing New York, NY (Miller et al., eds., 2000: 5:247&ndash;48)<ref name="Miller_5"></ref>
-:<p>“Peale went to a [[bath|bathing house]] on the north river, this building has a private as well as public bathing places, for men or women. The cost of public bathing is 12 1/2 Cts. and 25 Cents for private bathing. . . .</p>
+:<p>“Peale went to a [[bath|bathing house]] on the north river, this building has a private as well as public bathing places, for men or women. The cost of public bathing is 12 1/2 Cts. and 25 Cents for private bathing. . . </p>
 :<p>“The public [[Bath]] is extended wings on each side about 40 feet into the river on which there are a range of boxes to dress and undress, these have stairs with ropes to decend into the water on the 3 sides and at the end next the river is a sunken vessel of an oblong [[square]], and the debth of the water therein is about 4 feet, for the accomdation of those who cannot swim. In the private baths they have the same kind of vessels which rise and fall with the tide. You are furnished with a towel and an oil cap for the head. They have warm [[bath]]s for those who want them. The[re] is another [[bath|bathing house]] on the same river, which at present is not in order except for the accomodation of women.</p>
@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 :<p>“Mediate on the Creation of ''Worlds'', which perform their evolutions in proscribed periods! . . .</p>
-:<p>“He wanted a place to keep the garden seeds & Tools, and in a part of the Garden where a [[seat]] in the shade was often wanted, he built a shed or small room, and to hide that Salt-like-box, and to try his art of Painting, he made the front like [a] [[gateway|Gate Way]] with a step to form a [[seat]], and above, steps painted as representing a passage through an [[Arch]] beyond which was represented a western sky, and to ornament the upper part over the [[arch]], he painted several figures on boards cut to the outlines of said figures as representing [[statue]]s in sculpture. . . .</p>
+:<p>“He wanted a place to keep the garden seeds & Tools, and in a part of the Garden where a [[seat]] in the shade was often wanted, he built a shed or small room, and to hide that Salt-like-box, and to try his art of Painting, he made the front like [a] [[gateway|Gate Way]] with a step to form a [[seat]], and above, steps painted as representing a passage through an [[Arch]] beyond which was represented a western sky, and to ornament the upper part over the [[arch]], he painted several figures on boards cut to the outlines of said figures as representing [[statue]]s in sculpture. . . </p>
 :<p>“Having a good spring-house the water from it supplied a small fish-[[pond]], in which he put many cat-fish brought from the Schulkill and although they lived and perhaps might be breed there yet being petts never was served at his table[.] The same with Pidgeons, they had commodious house, and once a pr. of squabs was taken to the Kitchen, but the Parent came after them and alighting on the Kitchen window, Mrs. Peale’s delicate feelings could not suffer them to be killed and accordingly they were returned to the [[pigeon house|Pidgeon-house]].</p>
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 Image:0191.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Margaret Tilghman Carroll'', c. 1770.
-Image:1849.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Falls of the Schuylkill'', c. 1770.
+Image:1849.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''[[Cascade/Cataract/Waterfall|Falls]] of the Schuylkill'', c. 1770.
 Image:0453.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''John Beale Bordley'', 1770.
@@ Line 160: / Line 160: @@
 Image:0116.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Sketches of Belfield, 1810.
-Image:0560.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Ground plot of Belfield, 1810.
+Image:0560.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Ground [[Plot/Plat|plot]] of [[Belfield]], 1810.
-Image:0010.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at Belfield [detail], November 12, 1813.
+Image:0010.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at [[Belfield]][detail], November 12, 1813.
-Image:0009.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at Belfield, November 22, 1815.
+Image:0009.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, Letter to Angelica Peale describing his garden at [[Belfield]], November 22, 1815.
-Image:1958.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Cabbage Patch, The Gardens of Belfield, Pennsylvania'', c. 1815&ndash;16.
+Image:1958.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Cabbage Patch, The Gardens of [[Belfield]], Pennsylvania'', c. 1815&ndash;16.
-Image:1957.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''Belfield Farm'', c. 1816.
+Image:1957.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''[[Belfield]]Farm'', c. 1816.
-Image:0044.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''View of the Garden at Belfield'', 1816.
+Image:0044.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, ''[[View]] of the Garden at [[Belfield]]'', 1816.
 Image:2170.jpg|Titian Ramsay Peale, ''The Gigantic Mastodon'', January 1821.
-Image:0887.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, “Grand Civic Arch,” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3 (1969): 103.
+Image:0887.jpg|Charles Willson Peale, “Grand Civic [[Arch]],” 1824, in Charles Coleman Sellers,  “Charles Willson Peale with Patron and Populace,” ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 59, no. 3 (1969): 103.
 </gallery>