Botanic garden - Revision history

V-Federici at 14:42, March 8, 2021

2021-03-08T14:42:47Z

V-Federici at 10:58, January 28, 2021

2021-01-28T10:58:03Z

V-Federici at 10:40, January 28, 2021

2021-01-28T10:40:57Z

V-Federici at 13:28, November 5, 2020

2020-11-05T13:28:31Z

V-Federici at 13:26, November 5, 2020

2020-11-05T13:26:24Z

M-Westerby: /* Inscribed */

2020-10-20T16:07:53Z

Inscribed

V-Federici at 09:43, October 8, 2020

2020-10-08T09:43:06Z

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2020-08-06T13:08:25Z

Inscribed

V-Federici at 10:14, August 6, 2020

2020-08-06T10:14:51Z

A-Whitlock at 19:05, July 7, 2020

2020-07-07T19:05:19Z

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
-[[File:2259.jpg|thumb|Fig. 6, Anonymous, Plan of the Harvard Botanic Garden, c. 1807. Harvard University Herbaria and the Botany Libraries, Cambridge, Mass.]]
+[[File:2259.jpg|thumb|Fig. 6, Anonymous, Plan of the Harvard Botanic Garden, c. 1807.]]
 *[[Timothy Dwight|Dwight, Timothy]], 1796, describing Cambridge, MA (1821: 1:483)<ref>Timothy Dwight, ''Travels; in New-England and New-York'', 4 vols. (New Haven: T. Dwight, 1821), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/VHBP7TH2 view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 395: / Line 395: @@
 Image:1136.jpg|John Trumbull, ''Dr. Hosack’s [[Green house]]s'', [[Elgin Botanic Garden]], June 1806.
-Image:2259.jpg|Anonymous, Plan of the Harvard '''Botanic Garden''', c. 1807. Harvard University Herbaria and the Botany Libraries, Cambridge, Mass.
+Image:2259.jpg|Anonymous, Plan of the Harvard '''Botanic Garden''', c. 1807.
 Image:1986.jpg|Anonymous, ''[[Elgin Botanic Garden]]'', c. 1810.

@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
-[[File:0056.jpg|thumb|Fig. 16, John or William Bartram, "A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River", 1758.]]
+[[File:0056.jpg|thumb|Fig. 16, [[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of [[Bartram_Botanic_Garden_and_Nursery|John Bartram’s House and Garden]] as it appears from the River", 1758]]
 *Darlington, William, 1849, describing [[Bartram Botanic Garden and Nursery]], vicinity of Philadelphia, PA (1849: 18–19)<ref name="Darlington">William Darlington, ''Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall: With Notices of Their Botanical Contemporaries'' (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1849), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 383: / Line 383: @@
 Image:1269.jpg|Solomon Drowne, Detailed plan of a '''botanic garden''' at Brown University, n.d.
-Image:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River", 1758.
+Image:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of [[Bartram_Botanic_Garden_and_Nursery|John Bartram’s House and Garden]] as it appears from the River", 1758
 Image:0239.jpg|Christian Gottlieb Reuter, ''Der UpLand Gartten'', 1759.

@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
-[[File:0056.jpg|thumb|Fig. 16, John or William Bartram, ''A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River'', 1758.]]
+[[File:0056.jpg|thumb|Fig. 16, John or William Bartram, "A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River", 1758.]]
 *Darlington, William, 1849, describing [[Bartram Botanic Garden and Nursery]], vicinity of Philadelphia, PA (1849: 18–19)<ref name="Darlington">William Darlington, ''Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall: With Notices of Their Botanical Contemporaries'' (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1849), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/TKNVQG76 view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“He [[John Bartram|[John Bartram]]] was, perhaps, the ''first Anglo-American'' who conceived the idea of establishing a [[Botanic Garden|BOTANIC GARDEN]] for the reception and cultivation of the various vegetables, natives of the country, as well as exotics, and of travelling for the discovery and acquisition of them.*
+:“He [[John Bartram|[John Bartram]] was, perhaps, the ''first Anglo-American'' who conceived the idea of establishing a [[Botanic Garden|BOTANIC GARDEN]] for the reception and cultivation of the various vegetables, natives of the country, as well as exotics, and of travelling for the discovery and acquisition of them.*
 :“*The [[Bartram Botanic Garden and Nursery|BARTRAM BOTANIC GARDEN]], (established in or about the year 1730,) is most eligibly and beautifully situated, on the right bank of the river Schuylkill, a short distance below the city of Philadelphia. Being the oldest establishment of the kind in this western world, and exceedingly interesting, from its history and associations,—one might almost hope, even in this utilitarian age, that, if no motive more commendable could avail, a feeling of ''state'' or ''city pride'', would be sufficient to ensure its preservation, in its original character, and for the sake of its original objects. But, alas! there seems to be too much reason to apprehend that it will scarcely survive the immediate family of its noble-hearted founder,—and that even the present generation may live to see the accumulated treasures of a century laid waste—with all the once gay [[parterre]]s and lovely [[border]]s converted into lumberyards and coal-landings.” [Fig. 16]
@@ Line 383: / Line 383: @@
 Image:1269.jpg|Solomon Drowne, Detailed plan of a '''botanic garden''' at Brown University, n.d.
-Image:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], ''A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River'', 1758.
+Image:0056.jpg|[[John Bartram|John]] or [[William Bartram]], "A Draught of John Bartram’s House and Garden as it appears from the River", 1758.
 Image:0239.jpg|Christian Gottlieb Reuter, ''Der UpLand Gartten'', 1759.

@@ Line 361: / Line 361: @@
 Image:0425.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], Design for University of Michigan (elevation and plan of building and grounds), c. 1838.
-Image:0033.jpg|[[Robert Mills]], ''Plan of the [[National_Mall|Mall]]'', Washington, DC, 1841. “[W]ith a [[view]] to a '''Botanic Garden''', seen left of the center of the plan.
+Image:0033.jpg|[[Robert Mills]], ''Plan of the [[National_Mall|Mall]]'', Washington, DC, 1841. “[W]ith a [[view]] to a '''Botanic Garden'''", seen left of the center of the plan.
 Image:0878.jpg|Anonymous, “Ground Plan of a portion of Downing’s '''Botanic Gardens''' and [[Nursery|Nurseries]],” in ''Magazine of Horticulture'' 7 (November 1841): 404.

@@ Line 361: / Line 361: @@
 Image:0425.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], Design for University of Michigan (elevation and plan of building and grounds), c. 1838.
-Image:0033.jpg|[[Robert Mills]], ''Plan of the [[National_Mall|Mall]]'', Washington, DC, 1841. “[W]ith a [[view]] to a '''Botanic Garden'''.”
+Image:0033.jpg|[[Robert Mills]], ''Plan of the [[National_Mall|Mall]]'', Washington, DC, 1841. “[W]ith a [[view]] to a '''Botanic Garden''', seen left of the center of the plan.
 Image:0878.jpg|Anonymous, “Ground Plan of a portion of Downing’s '''Botanic Gardens''' and [[Nursery|Nurseries]],” in ''Magazine of Horticulture'' 7 (November 1841): 404.

@@ Line 349: / Line 349: @@
 File:2160.jpg|John Diamond, ''[[Plot/Plat|Plat]] of a Tract of Land Called French '''Botanic Gardens''' Containing 120 Acres Located in Goose Creek Parish'', September 1816.
-Image:0039.jpg|Charles Bulfinch, ''Plan of Grounds adjacent to the Capitol'', 1822. "'''Botanic Garden'''" is in the middle of the plan, in front of the Capitol.
+Image:0039.jpg|Charles Bulfinch, ''Plan of [[Public garden/Public ground|Grounds]] adjacent to the Capitol'', 1822. "'''Botanic Garden'''" is in the middle of the plan, in front of the Capitol.
 Image:0721.jpg|Abel Bowen, “Boston and Environs,” in Caleb H. Snow, ''A History of Boston'' (1825), opp. p. 388. “'''Botanic G'''” inscribed at top left.

@@ Line 305: / Line 305: @@
-[[File:1352.jpg|thumb|Fig. 20, [[J. C. Loudon]], Plan of botanic [[Flower_garden|flower garden]] with a circular [[walk]], in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1826), p. 801, fig. 553.]]
+[[File:1352.jpg|thumb|Fig. 20, [[J. C. Loudon]], The botanic [[Flower_garden|flower garden]] with a gravel-[[walk]], in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1826), p. 801, fig. 553.]]
 *[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon|Loudon, J. C. (John Claudius)]], 1826, ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening'' (1826: 800, 1030)<ref> J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon, ''An Encyclopaedia of Gardening; Comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape-Gardening'', 4th ed. (London: Longman et al., 1826), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KNKTCA4W view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 353: / Line 353: @@
 Image:0721.jpg|Abel Bowen, “Boston and Environs,” in Caleb H. Snow, ''A History of Boston'' (1825), opp. p. 388. “'''Botanic G'''” inscribed at top left.
-image:1352.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], Plan of '''botanic''' [[Flower_garden|flower garden]] with a circular [[walk]], in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1826), p. 801, fig. 553.
+image:1352.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], The botanic [[Flower_garden|flower garden]] with a gravel-[[walk]], in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1826), p. 801, fig. 553.
 Image:0064.jpg|Anonymous, ''Map of [[Parmentier’s_Horticultural_and_Botanical_Garden|Mr. Andrew Parmentier’s Horticultural & Botanic Garden]], at Brooklyn, Long Island, Two Miles From the City of New York'', c. 1828.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, August 6, 2020
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	Image:0023.jpg\|[[A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public_garden/Public_ground\|Public Grounds]] at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.		Image:0023.jpg\|[[A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public_garden/Public_ground\|Public Grounds]] at Washington'', 1851. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.
		+
		+	Image:0023_detail3.jpg\| [[A. J. Downing]], ''Plan Showing Proposed Method of Laying Out the [[Public_garden/Public_ground\|Public Grounds]] at Washington'', 1851 [detail]. Manuscript copy by Nathaniel Michler, 1867.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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 [[File:0861.jpg|thumb|255px|left|Fig. 3, William Dandridge Peck, Plan of the botanic garden of Mr. Curtis, Newbury, MA, February 19, 1805.]]
-Other botanic gardens were privately owned and exemplified not only the pursuit of science but also the passion for collecting that characterized the Enlightenment [Fig. 3]. The network of early botanical collectors in America included the most prominent members of the ruling elite. They carried on an exchange of plants and botanical knowledge that involved an international network of plant collectors and botanists. One of the finest collections in the colonial and early republican eras was located at [[William Hamilton|William Hamilton's]] [[seat]], [[The Woodlands]], near Philadelphia, built between 1779 and 1789. [[Manasseh Cutler|Manasseh Cutler]], upon whom we rely for many descriptions of early American gardens, reported that “there was not a rare plant in Europe, Asia, Africa, from China and the islands in the South Sea, of which [Hamilton] had any account which he had not procured.”<ref>Manasseh Cutler, ''Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler'', ed. William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkin Cutler, 2 vols. (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co, 1888), 2:145, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J2DCEB82 view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Washington_cite"></span>At [[Mount Vernon]], [[George Washington]] used the phrase “botanical garden” to refer to that part of his garden where he experimented with rare plants ([[#Washington|view text]]).
+Other botanic gardens were privately owned and exemplified not only the pursuit of science but also the passion for collecting that characterized the Enlightenment [Fig. 3]. The network of early botanical collectors in America included the most prominent members of the ruling elite. They carried on an exchange of plants and botanical knowledge that involved an international network of plant collectors and botanists. One of the finest collections in the colonial and early republican eras was located at [[William Hamilton|William Hamilton's]] [[seat]], [[The Woodlands]], near Philadelphia, built between 1779 and 1789. [[Manasseh Cutler|Manasseh Cutler]], upon whom we rely for many descriptions of early American gardens, reported that “there was not a rare plant in Europe, Asia, Africa, from China and the islands in the South Sea, of which [Hamilton] had any account which he had not procured.”<ref>Manasseh Cutler, ''Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler'', ed. William Parker Cutler and Julia Perkin Cutler, 2 vols. (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co, 1888), 2:145, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/J2DCEB82 view on Zotero].</ref> <span id="Washington_cite"></span>At [[Mount Vernon]], George Washington used the phrase “botanical garden” to refer to that part of his garden where he experimented with rare plants ([[#Washington|view text]]).
 [[File:1269.jpg|thumb|Fig. 4, Solomon Drowne, Detailed plan of a botanic garden at Brown University, n.d.]]
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 [[File:0069.jpg|thumb|Fig. 5, Samuel Vaughan, Plan of [[Mount Vernon]], 1787.]]
-*<div id="Washington"></div>[[George Washington|Washington, George]], 1785 and 1786, describing [[Mount Vernon]], [[plantation]] of [[George Washington]], Fairfax County, VA (Jackson and Twohig, eds., 1978: 4:161, 308, 350)<ref>George Washington, ''The Diaries of George Washington'', ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, 6 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/9ZIIR3FT view on Zotero].</ref>
+*<div id="Washington"></div>Washington, George, 1785 and 1786, describing [[Mount Vernon]], [[plantation]] of George Washington, Fairfax County, VA (Jackson and Twohig, eds., 1978: 4:161, 308, 350)<ref>George Washington, ''The Diaries of George Washington'', ed. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, 6 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/9ZIIR3FT view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“[8 and 13 July] Sowed one half the Chinese Seed given me by Mr. Porter and Doctr. Craik, in three rows in the Section next the Quarter (in my '''Botanical garden''') beginning in that part next the garden [[Wall]], and at the end next the Middle [[Walk]]. . .