Aviary/Bird cage/Birdhouse - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, April 12, 2021
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	Image:1787.jpg\|Anonymous, “Ornamental wren box” in an ornamental iron post, in [[A. J. Downing]], ed. ''Horticulturist'' 4, no. 4 (October 1849): 168, fig. 79.		Image:1787.jpg\|Anonymous, “Ornamental wren box” in an ornamental iron post, in [[A. J. Downing]], ed. ''Horticulturist'' 4, no. 4 (October 1849): 168, fig. 79.
		+
		+	Image:2297.jpg\|Matthew Vassar, ''Plan of Springside'', 1851. ". . . the '''aviary''' for wild fowls (27)."

	</gallery>		</gallery>

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 Image:0893.jpg|Edwin Whitefield, Sketch of unidentified two-story frame house, 1841–44.
-Image:1264.jpgHenry Gritten, ''Springside'': Center Circle, 1852.
+Image:1264.jpg|Henry Gritten, ''Springside'': Center Circle, 1852.
 Image:1213.jpg|C. A. Hedin, ''Front Elevation on Live Oak Street'', 1853.

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 Image:0893.jpg|Edwin Whitefield, Sketch of unidentified two-story frame house, 1841–44.
 Image:1213.jpg|C. A. Hedin, ''Front Elevation on Live Oak Street'', 1853.
-Image:1673.jpg|Anonymous, The Claremont, c. 1855. Birdhouses are visible in the [[Flower_garden|flower gardens]] (left-center and right side of the painting.)
+Image:1673.jpg|Anonymous, The Claremont, c. 1855. Birdhouses are visible in the [[Flower_garden|flower gardens]] at left-center and right side of the painting.
 </gallery>

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 [[File:1213.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 2, C. A. Hedin, “Front Elevation on Live Oak Street,” 1853.]]
-Birdhouses, such as the one at Springland, William Russell Birch’s estate, near Bristol, Pennsylvania [Fig. 1], the one depicted in a notarial record [Fig. 2], and the “''accidental wren box''” at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, allowed birds to come and go freely. Aviaries and bird cages, by contrast, kept birds confined. Aviaries could be located indoors or outdoors. They were often situated in [[conservatories]] or [[greenhouse]]s, where the warmth suited plant and bird alike; an example of this is found at [[Monticello]]. An aviary built free-standing in the garden is found in Birch’s design for the Elysian Bower at Springland.
+Birdhouses, such as the one at Springland, William Russell Birch’s estate, near Bristol, Pennsylvania [Fig. 1], the one depicted in a notarial record [Fig. 2], and the “''accidental wren box''” at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, allowed birds to come and go freely.<ref>J.J.S., "Wrens the best insect destroyers," in A. J. Downing, ed. ''Horticulturist'' 4, no. 4 (October 1849): 167-168, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/2AJVD9GM view on Zotero].</ref> Aviaries and bird cages, by contrast, kept birds confined. Aviaries could be located indoors or outdoors. They were often situated in [[conservatories]] or [[greenhouse]]s, where the warmth suited plant and bird alike; an example of this is found at [[Monticello]]. An aviary built free-standing in the garden is found in Birch’s design for the Elysian Bower at Springland.
 [[File:1800.jpg|thumb|right|Fig. 3, Alexander Walsh, “Four small columns. . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.]]

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 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-Image:0735.jpg|William Russell Birch, Design for a Gothic '''Birdhouse''' at Springland, before 1805.
+Image:0735.jpg|William Russell Birch, Design for a Gothic Birdhouse at Springland, before 1805.
 Image:0124.jpg|Jane Shearer, Brick House with [[Terrace]]s, 1806, in Sotheby’s New York, ''Important American Schoolgirl Embroideries'' (January 2012), 80.<ref>Sotheby’s New York, ''Important American Schoolgirl Embroideries'' (January 2012), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/I9SQRZDH view on Zotero].</ref>

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 Image:1789.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], '''Aviary''' designed by Humphry Repton for the grounds of the [[Pavilion]] at Brighton, in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1826), p. 1020, fig. 718.
-Image:1898.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], Plan of farmyard, garden offices and hot-houses at Cheshunt Cottage, in ''The Gardener's Magazine'' 15, no. 117 (December 1839): 642, fig. 159. “4 ''d'', An '''aviary''' for canaries.”
+Image:1898.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], Plan of farmyard, garden offices and [[hothouse| hot-houses]] at Cheshunt Cottage, in ''The Gardener's Magazine'' 15, no. 117 (December 1839): 642, fig. 159. “4 ''d'', An '''aviary''' for canaries.”
-Image:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small columns. . . for suspending a lamp or bird-cage,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.
+Image:1800.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Four small [[column]]s. . . for suspending a lamp or '''bird-cage''',” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 309, fig. 2.
 Image:1787.jpg|Anonymous, “Ornamental wren box” in an ornamental iron post, in [[A. J. Downing]], ed. ''Horticulturist'' 4, no. 4 (October 1849): 168, fig. 79.

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 ==History==
-[[File:0735.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, William Russell Birch, Design for a Gothic '''Birdhouse''' at Springland, before 1805.]]
+[[File:0735.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, William Russell Birch, Design for a Gothic Birdhouse at Springland, before 1805.]]
 An aviary was a structure, enclosure, or cage for keeping birds. While henhouses and other more utilitarian structures for keeping fowl were relatively common in America, aviaries were generally reserved for ornamental and exotic birds, as well as songbirds. A wide variety of aviary types were discussed in treatises, particularly in publications from the second half of the 19th century, but the relative scarcity of American examples suggests that they were fragile structures, seldom recorded in the 17th century and rare through the 18th and first half of the 19th century. More common in America, however, was the practice of keeping doves and pigeons (see [[Dovecote]]).