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V-Federici at 16:44, March 15, 2021

2021-03-15T16:44:45Z

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2021-02-04T14:14:46Z

Inscribed

V-Federici: /* Inscribed */

2021-02-04T14:14:13Z

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V-Federici at 19:12, February 3, 2021

2021-02-03T19:12:22Z

V-Federici: /* Attributed */

2020-10-15T11:51:26Z

Attributed

V-Federici at 09:54, October 15, 2020

2020-10-15T09:54:05Z

V-Federici: /* Associated */

2020-10-05T14:19:39Z

Associated

V-Federici at 10:04, August 6, 2020

2020-08-06T10:04:09Z

V-Federici at 22:26, February 11, 2020

2020-02-11T22:26:16Z

V-Federici at 17:45, January 30, 2020

2020-01-30T17:45:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, March 15, 2021
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−	<div id="Fig_6"></div>[[File:0115.jpg\|thumb\|Fig. 6, James Trenchard after [[Charles_Willson_Peale\|Charles Willson Peale]], “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of General Washington, April 20th. 1789,” in ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3 (May 1789): pl. opp~~. p~~. 282. [[#Fig_6_cite\|back up to History]]]]	+	<div id="Fig_6"></div>[[File:0115.jpg\|thumb\|Fig. 6, James Trenchard after [[Charles_Willson_Peale\|Charles Willson Peale]], “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of General Washington, April 20th. 1789,” in ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3 (May 1789): pl. opp. 282. [[#Fig_6_cite\|back up to History]]]]
	* Anonymous, May 1789, “Description of General Washington’s Reception at Gray’s Ferry on the Schuylkill, April 20” (1789: 282)<ref>Anonymous, “Account of the Preparations at Gray’s Ferry, on the River Schuylkill, and the Reception of General Washington There, April 20, 1789, on His Way to the Seat of the Federal Government, to Take upon High Office of President of the United States,” ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): 282–83, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/HDUKG8PG view on Zotero].</ref>		* Anonymous, May 1789, “Description of General Washington’s Reception at Gray’s Ferry on the Schuylkill, April 20” (1789: 282)<ref>Anonymous, “Account of the Preparations at Gray’s Ferry, on the River Schuylkill, and the Reception of General Washington There, April 20, 1789, on His Way to the Seat of the Federal Government, to Take upon High Office of President of the United States,” ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): 282–83, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/HDUKG8PG view on Zotero].</ref>

@@ Line 177: / Line 177: @@
 Image:0887.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic '''Arch''',” 1824.
-Image:1707.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Seat]] formed of moss and hazel rods" and "[[Trellis|Trellised]] '''arches''' for climbers,” in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1834), p. 1196, figs. 960–62.
+Image:1707.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Seat]] formed of moss and hazel rods" and "[[Trellis|Trellised]] '''arches''' for climbers,” in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1834), 1196, figs. 960–62.
-Image:1758.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Rustic_style|Rustic]] '''arch''' and [[vase]],” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 581, fig. 231.
+Image:1758.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Rustic_style|Rustic]] '''arch''' and [[vase]],” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), 581, fig. 231.
-Image:1757.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[View]] of the [[Rustic_style|rustic]] arch,” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 586, fig. 240.
+Image:1757.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[View]] of the [[Rustic_style|rustic]] '''arch''',” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), 586, fig. 240.
 Image:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308. “TT. . . two [[seat]]s surrounded by an '''arched''' [[arbor]]"

@@ Line 171: / Line 171: @@
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
-Image:1676.jpg|William and John Halfpenny, “A [[Chinese_manner|Chinese]] Triumphant Arch,” in ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste'' (1755), pl. 14.
+Image:1676.jpg|William and John Halfpenny, “A [[Chinese_manner|Chinese]] Triumphant '''Arch''',” in ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste'' (1755), pl. 14.
-Image:0977.jpg|Samuel Hill, ''View of the Triumphal Arch and Colonnade erected in Boston in honor of the President of the United States, Oct. 24, 1789'', 1790.
+Image:0977.jpg|Samuel Hill, ''[[View]] of the Triumphal '''Arch''' and Colonnade erected in Boston in honor of the President of the United States, Oct. 24, 1789'', 1790.
 Image:0887.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic '''Arch''',” 1824.
-Image:1707.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Seat]] formed of moss and hazel rods" and "Trellised arches for climbers,” in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1834), p. 1196, figs. 960–62.
+Image:1707.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Seat]] formed of moss and hazel rods" and "[[Trellis|Trellised]] '''arches''' for climbers,” in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1834), p. 1196, figs. 960–62.
-Image:1758.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Rustic_style|Rustic]] arch and [[vase]],” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 581, fig. 231.
+Image:1758.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Rustic_style|Rustic]] '''arch''' and [[vase]],” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 581, fig. 231.
-Image:1757.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “View of the [[Rustic_style|rustic]] arch,” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 586, fig. 240.
+Image:1757.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[View]] of the [[Rustic_style|rustic]] arch,” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 586, fig. 240.
-Image:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308. “TT. . . two [[seat]]s surrounded by an arched [[arbor]]"
+Image:0935.jpg|Alexander Walsh, “Plan of a Garden,” in ''New England Farmer'' 19, no. 39 (March 31, 1841): 308. “TT. . . two [[seat]]s surrounded by an '''arched''' [[arbor]]"
-Image:0855.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''Garden Arch at Montgomery Place'', c. 1850.
+Image:0855.jpg|[[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''Garden '''Arch''' at Montgomery Place'', c. 1850.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
-<div id="Fig_6"></div>[[File:0115.jpg|thumb|Fig. 6, James Trenchard after [[Charles_Willson_Peale|Charles Willson Peale]], “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of [[George_Washington|General Washington]], April 20th. 1789,” in ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3 (May 1789): pl. opp. p. 282. [[#Fig_6_cite|back up to History]]]]
+<div id="Fig_6"></div>[[File:0115.jpg|thumb|Fig. 6, James Trenchard after [[Charles_Willson_Peale|Charles Willson Peale]], “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of General Washington, April 20th. 1789,” in ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3 (May 1789): pl. opp. p. 282. [[#Fig_6_cite|back up to History]]]]
 * Anonymous, May 1789, “Description of General Washington’s Reception at Gray’s Ferry on the Schuylkill, April 20” (1789: 282)<ref>Anonymous, “Account of the Preparations at Gray’s Ferry, on the River Schuylkill, and the Reception of General Washington There, April 20, 1789, on His Way to the Seat of the Federal Government, to Take upon High Office of President of the United States,” ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): 282–83, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/HDUKG8PG view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 Image:0977.jpg|Samuel Hill, ''View of the Triumphal Arch and Colonnade erected in Boston in honor of the President of the United States, Oct. 24, 1789'', 1790.
-Image:0887.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], “A View of the Grand Civic Arch,” 1824.
+Image:0887.jpg|[[Charles Willson Peale]], “A [[View]] of the Grand Civic '''Arch''',” 1824.
 Image:1707.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “[[Seat]] formed of moss and hazel rods" and "Trellised arches for climbers,” in ''An Encyclopædia of Gardening'' (1834), p. 1196, figs. 960–62.

@@ Line 227: / Line 227: @@
 Image:1039.jpg|Anonymous, The [[Flower_garden|Flower-Garden]], in Joseph Breck, ''The Flower-Garden: or, Breck’s Book of Flowers'' (1841), frontispiece.
-File:1213.jpg|C. A. Hedin, “Front Elevation on Live Oak Street,” 1853.
+Image:1213.jpg|C. A. Hedin, ''Front Elevation on Live Oak Street'', 1853.
 </gallery>

@@ Line 223: / Line 223: @@
 Image:1759.jpg|[[J. C. Loudon]], “Entrance to the [[Flower_garden|Flower-garden]] at Wimbledon House,” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 641, fig. 267.
-Image:0040.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “Washington from the President’s House,” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American Scenery'' (1840), vol. 2, pl. 26.
+Image:0040.jpg|W. H. Bartlett, “Washington from the President’s House,” in Nathaniel Parker Willis, ''American Scenery'' (1840), vol. 2, pl. 26. Arch is in shadow in center bottom of image.
 Image:1039.jpg|Anonymous, The [[Flower_garden|Flower-Garden]], in Joseph Breck, ''The Flower-Garden: or, Breck’s Book of Flowers'' (1841), frontispiece.

@@ Line 195: / Line 195: @@
 Image:0045.jpg|Lester Hoadley Seller, A Reconstruction of [[Charles_Willson_Peale|Peale’s]] Transparent Triumphal Arch, 1783–84.
-Image:0115.jpg|James Trenchard after [[Charles_Willson_Peale|Charles Willson Peale]], “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of [[George_Washington|General Washington]], April 20th. 1789,” in ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): pl. opp. p. 282.
+Image:0115.jpg|James Trenchard after [[Charles_Willson_Peale|Charles Willson Peale]], “An East View of GRAY’S FERRY, near Philadelphia, with the TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, &c. erected for the Reception of General Washington, April 20th. 1789,” in ''The Columbian Magazine'' 3, no. 5 (May 1789): pl. opp. p. 282.
 Image:0911.jpg|Anonymous, “Southern Villa—Romanesque Style,” in [[A. J. Downing]], ''The Architecture of Country Houses'' (1850), pl. opp. p. 353, fig. 168.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 [[File:0974.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, Joseph Jacques Ramée, ''Monument to the memory of general George Washington, to be erected at Baltimore'', design for the [[Washington_Monument_(Baltimore,_MD)|Washington Monument]], 1813.]]
 [[File:0901.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, George Bridport, Alternative designs for Washington Monument, [[Washington_Square_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Washington Square]], Philadelphia, 1816.]]
-<span id="Chambers_cite"></span>Arch had three distinct, yet interrelated meanings or applications in the context of 18th- and 19th-century American landscape design. <span id="Webster_cite"></span>The first, which is the most heavily documented, is the use of arches in association with commemorative celebrations, as specified by [[Ephraim Chambers]] in 1741 ([[#Chambers|view text]]) and reiterated by [[Noah Webster]] in 1828 ([[#Webster|view text]]). The antecedents to this practice include the use of ancient Roman arches: large-scale, inverted U-shaped structures, erected to memorialize military victories. In North America, the building of such celebratory arches occurred most frequently in the immediate post-Revolutionary period. For specific festivities, arches were often made of impermanent materials, as in the case of the temporary arch [[Charles Willson Peale]] created for Philadelphia to mark the declaration of peace on December 2, 1783. General [[George Washington|George Washington’s]] arrival in cities in the early federalist period was frequently marked by the erection of processional arches, such as the arch of cut laurel and evergreen branches erected at Gray’s Ferry in Philadelphia in 1789 [<span id="Fig_6_cite"></span>[[#Fig_6|See Fig. 6]]]. The arch, with its classical referents, was also the symbol of choice for permanent monuments to [[George Washington|President Washington]] in the early 19th century. The designs of Joseph Jacques Ramée in Baltimore and of George Bridport in Philadelphia [Figs. 1 and 2] not only commemorated [[George Washington|Washington’s]] achievements but also marked the entrance as a space set aside for public use.
+<span id="Chambers_cite"></span>Arch had three distinct, yet interrelated meanings or applications in the context of 18th- and 19th-century American landscape design. <span id="Webster_cite"></span>The first, which is the most heavily documented, is the use of arches in association with commemorative celebrations, as specified by [[Ephraim Chambers]] in 1741 ([[#Chambers|view text]]) and reiterated by [[Noah Webster]] in 1828 ([[#Webster|view text]]). The antecedents to this practice include the use of ancient Roman arches: large-scale, inverted U-shaped structures, erected to memorialize military victories. In North America, the building of such celebratory arches occurred most frequently in the immediate post-Revolutionary period. For specific festivities, arches were often made of impermanent materials, as in the case of the temporary arch [[Charles Willson Peale]] created for Philadelphia to mark the declaration of peace on December 2, 1783. General George Washington’s arrival in cities in the early federalist period was frequently marked by the erection of processional arches, such as the arch of cut laurel and evergreen branches erected at Gray’s Ferry in Philadelphia in 1789 [<span id="Fig_6_cite"></span>[[#Fig_6|See Fig. 6]]]. The arch, with its classical referents, was also the symbol of choice for permanent monuments to President Washington in the early 19th century. The designs of Joseph Jacques Ramée in Baltimore and of George Bridport in Philadelphia [Figs. 1 and 2] not only commemorated Washington’s achievements but also marked the entrance as a space set aside for public use.
 [[File:0855.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 3, [[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''Garden Arch at Montgomery Place'', c. 1850.]]
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
-[[File:1234_detail.jpg|thumb|200px|Fig. 7, John Vanderlyn, [[George_Washington|''George Washington'']] [detail], 1834.]]
+[[File:1234_detail.jpg|thumb|200px|Fig. 7, John Vanderlyn, ''George Washington'' [detail], 1834.]]
 *[[Latrobe, Benjamin Henry]], March 17, 1807, in a letter to [[Thomas Jefferson]], describing the White House, Washington, DC (Colonial Williamsburg Foundation)
@@ Line 209: / Line 209: @@
 File:1256.jpg|[[Robert Mills]], ''[[Monticello]]: 2nd version (west elevation)'', recto, 1803.
-Image:0974.jpg|Joseph Jacques Ramée, ''Monument to the memory of general [[George_Washington|George Washington]], to be erected at Baltimore'', design for the [[Washington_Monument_(Baltimore,_MD)|Washington Monument]], 1813.
+Image:0974.jpg|Joseph Jacques Ramée, ''Monument to the memory of general George Washington, to be erected at Baltimore'', design for the [[Washington_Monument_(Baltimore,_MD)|Washington Monument]], 1813.
 Image:0901.jpg|George Bridport, Alternative designs for Washington Monument, [[Washington_Square_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Washington Square]], Philadelphia, 1816.
@@ Line 215: / Line 215: @@
 Image:1233.jpg|[[Anne-Marguerite-Henriette Rouillé de Marigny Hyde de Neuville]], ''Entrance [[Gate]] to the White House Garden, Washington, DC'', 1818.
-Image:1234.jpg|John Vanderlyn, [[George_Washington|''George Washington'']], 1834.
+Image:1234.jpg|John Vanderlyn, ''George Washington'', 1834.
 Image:0831.jpg|[[Robert Mills]], Sketch for a Monument to President Andrew Jackson, c. 1835–40.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==History==
 [[File:0974.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 1, Joseph Jacques Ramée, ''Monument to the memory of general George Washington, to be erected at Baltimore'', design for the [[Washington_Monument_(Baltimore,_MD)|Washington Monument]], 1813.]]
 [[File:0901.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2, George Bridport, Alternative designs for Washington Monument, [[Washington_Square_(Philadelphia,_PA)|Washington Square]], Philadelphia, 1816.]]
 <span id="Chambers_cite"></span>Arch had three distinct, yet interrelated meanings or applications in the context of 18th- and 19th-century American landscape design. <span id="Webster_cite"></span>The first, which is the most heavily documented, is the use of arches in association with commemorative celebrations, as specified by [[Ephraim Chambers]] in 1741 ([[#Chambers|view text]]) and reiterated by [[Noah Webster]] in 1828 ([[#Webster|view text]]). The antecedents to this practice include the use of ancient Roman arches: large-scale, inverted U-shaped structures, erected to memorialize military victories. In North America, the building of such celebratory arches occurred most frequently in the immediate post-Revolutionary period. For specific festivities, arches were often made of impermanent materials, as in the case of the temporary arch [[Charles Willson Peale]] created for Philadelphia to mark the declaration of peace on December 2, 1783. General [[George Washington|George Washington’s]] arrival in cities in the early federalist period was frequently marked by the erection of processional arches, such as the arch of cut laurel and evergreen branches erected at Gray’s Ferry in Philadelphia in 1789 [<span id="Fig_6_cite"></span>[[#Fig_6|See Fig. 6]]]. The arch, with its classical referents, was also the symbol of choice for permanent monuments to [[George Washington|President Washington]] in the early 19th century. The designs of Joseph Jacques Ramée in Baltimore and of George Bridport in Philadelphia [Figs. 1 and 2] not only commemorated [[George Washington|Washington’s]] achievements but also marked the entrance as a space set aside for public use.
-[[File:1759.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 4, [[J. C. Loudon]], “Entrance to the [[Flower_garden|Flower-garden]] at Wimbledon House,” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 641, fig. 267.]]
+[[File:0855.jpg|thumb|left|Fig. 3, [[Alexander Jackson Davis]], ''Garden Arch at Montgomery Place'', c. 1850.]]
 These examples point to a second, closely related function of arches as spatial dividers or [[gate]]s, which also relies upon antique precedents of monumental arches marking entrances to cities or towns. <span id="Southgate_cite"></span>This practice was translated to the American context with shifts in scale and message. Eliza Southgate’s description (1802) of the garden at the Elias Hasket Derby Farm, for example, indicates that arches were used to mark three subdivisions of the landscape and to direct the visitor from the lower to the upper garden ([[#Southgate|view text]]).
 <span id="Peale_cite"></span>The third use of the term stemmed from its most basic meaning, summed up by [[Noah Webster|Webster]] in 1828 as “a segment of part of a circle,” translated in architecture into “a concave or hollow structure of stone or brick”. [[Charles Willson Peale|Peale’s]] description of the stone arch that he created over the stream in his garden exemplifies this definition of arch ([[#Peale|view text]]). Neither celebratory in nature nor necessarily acting as a spatial divider, the arch created a small cave-like space that [[Charles Willson Peale|Peale]] tried unsuccessfully to use as a root cellar.
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 *[[Peale, Charles Willson]], c. 1825, describing Philadelphia, PA (Miller et al., eds., 2000: 5:91)<ref>Lillian B. Miller et al., eds., ''The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family'', vol. 5, ''The Autobiography of Charles Willson Peale'' (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/IZAKPCBG view on Zotero].</ref>
@@ Line 88: / Line 87: @@
 <div id="Fig_9"></div>[[File:1757.jpg|thumb|Fig. 9, [[J. C. Loudon]], “View of the [[Rustic_style|rustic]] arch,” in ''The Suburban Gardener'' (1838), p. 586, fig. 240. [[#Fig_9_cite|back up to History]]]]
 *[[J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon|Loudon, J. C. (John Claudius)]], 1838, describing the grounds of the Lawrencian Villa, residence of Mrs. Lawrence, Drayton Green, near London, England (1838: 581, 584)<ref>J. C. (John Claudius) Loudon, ''The Suburban Gardener, and Villa Companion'' (London: Longman et al., 1838), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/BQVBJ48F view on Zotero].</ref>

@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 ===Citations===
-* <div id="Chambers"></div>[[Chambers, Ephraim]], 1741, ''Cyclopaedia'' (1741: 1:n.p.)<ref>Ephraim Chambers, ''Cyclopaedia, or An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . . .'', 5th ed., 2 vols. (London: D. Midwinter et al., 1741–43)  [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/PTXK378N view on Zotero].</ref>
+* <div id="Chambers"></div>[[Chambers, Ephraim]], 1741, ''Cyclopaedia'' (1741: 1:n.p.)<ref>Ephraim Chambers, ''Cyclopaedia, or An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. . . '', 5th ed., 2 vols. (London: D. Midwinter et al., 1741–43)  [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/PTXK378N view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“'''ARCH''', in architecture, is a concave structure, raised with a mould bent in form of the '''''arch''''' of a curve, and serving as the inward support of any superstructure. . . .
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 *[[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing, Andrew Jackson]], 1850, ''The Architecture of Country Houses'' (1850; repr., 1968: 353, 354)<ref>A. J. [Andrew Jackson] Downing, ''The Architecture of Country Houses; Including Designs for Cottages, Farm-Houses, and Villas'' (New York: D. Appleton, 1850; repr., New York: Da Capo, 1968), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/GRZPQXQI view on Zotero].</ref>
-:“Looking at the exterior of this design, the student of expression will find it marked by dignity, variety, and harmony;...harmony in the predominance of the round-'''arch''' and other features of the style chosen. . .
+:“Looking at the exterior of this design, the student of expression will find it marked by dignity, variety, and harmony; . . . harmony in the predominance of the round-'''arch''' and other features of the style chosen. . .
 :“We see refined culture symbolized in the round-'''arch''', with its continually recurring curves of beauty, in the spacious and elegant [[arcade]]s, inviting to leisurely conversations, in all those outlines and details, suggestive of restrained and orderly action, as contrasted with the upward, aspiring, imaginative feeling indicated in the pointed or Gothic styles of architecture. . .
-:“In calling this villa ''Romanesque'', we only wish to be understood that we have gleaned from that style certain ideas of composition, which, appearing to us well suited for our purpose, we have adopted them in designing a country-house suited to a first class residence here....The prevalence of the round-'''arch''', of [[arcade]]s, of intersecting '''arches''', and of roofs higher than in the Grecian style, but lower than in Gothic styles, characterizes this architecture." [Fig. 12]
+:“In calling this villa ''Romanesque'', we only wish to be understood that we have gleaned from that style certain ideas of composition, which, appearing to us well suited for our purpose, we have adopted them in designing a country-house suited to a first class residence here. . .The prevalence of the round-'''arch''', of [[arcade]]s, of intersecting '''arches''', and of roofs higher than in the Grecian style, but lower than in Gothic styles, characterizes this architecture." [Fig. 12]
 <hr>