Alley - Revision history

A-whitlock at 15:28, August 13, 2021

2021-08-13T15:28:15Z

A-whitlock at 15:27, August 13, 2021

2021-08-13T15:27:39Z

V-Federici: /* Attributed */

2020-10-22T12:50:18Z

Attributed

V-Federici: /* Images */

2020-10-22T12:46:14Z

Images

V-Federici at 10:00, August 6, 2020

2020-08-06T10:00:08Z

V-Federici at 12:40, April 9, 2020

2020-04-09T12:40:47Z

V-Federici at 17:00, February 11, 2020

2020-02-11T17:00:31Z

V-Federici at 16:58, February 11, 2020

2020-02-11T16:58:46Z

V-Federici at 16:57, February 11, 2020

2020-02-11T16:57:34Z

V-Federici at 16:56, February 11, 2020

2020-02-11T16:56:08Z

@@ Line 249: / Line 249: @@
 Image:1966.jpg|Edward William Mumford, ''Clarke’s Hall & Dock Creek'', c. 1844.
-Image:0458.jpg|Benjamin Henry Latrobe, ''Sketch of Col'l. John Mayo's house at the Hermitage near Richmond, Virginia'', 1797. The gate can be seen to the far left of the image.
+Image:0458.jpg|Benjamin Henry Latrobe, ''Sketch of Col'l. John Mayo's house at the Hermitage near Richmond, Virginia'', 1797. The alley can be seen to the far left of the image.
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, August 13, 2021
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	Image:1966.jpg\|Edward William Mumford, ''Clarke’s Hall & Dock Creek'', c. 1844.		Image:1966.jpg\|Edward William Mumford, ''Clarke’s Hall & Dock Creek'', c. 1844.
		+
		+	Image:0458.jpg\|Benjamin Henry Latrobe, ''Sketch of Col'l. John Mayo's house at the Hermitage near Richmond, Virginia'', 1797. The gate can be seen to the far left of the image.

	</gallery>		</gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, October 22, 2020
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	Image:0003.jpg\|William Dering, attr., ''Portrait of George Booth'', 1748–50.		Image:0003.jpg\|William Dering, attr., ''Portrait of George Booth'', 1748–50.
		+
		+	Image:0255.jpg\|John Singleton Copley, ''Rebecca Boylston'', 1767.

	Image:0001.jpg\|George Ropes, ''Salem [[Common]] on Training Day'', 1808.		Image:0001.jpg\|George Ropes, ''Salem [[Common]] on Training Day'', 1808.

@@ Line 230: / Line 230: @@
 ===Associated===
 <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="7">
 Image:0771.jpg|[[Frances Palmer]], “Ground [[Plot]] of Brier Cottage,” in William H. Ranlett, ''The Architect'' (1849), vol. 1, pl. 2.
@@ Line 246: / Line 244: @@
 Image:0001.jpg|George Ropes, ''Salem [[Common]] on Training Day'', 1808.
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:00, August 6, 2020
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−	*~~[[C. M. (Charles Mason) Hovey\|~~Hovey, C. M. (Charles Mason)]], September 1851, describing Rose Hill, residence of George Leland, Waltham, MA, in “Notes on Gardens and Nurseries” (''Magazine of Horticulture'' 17: 411)<ref>Charles Mason Hovey, “Notes on Gardens and Nurseries,” ''Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs'' 17, vol. 9 (September 1851): 410–12, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/DR542Z2D view on Zotero.]</ref>	+	*Hovey, C. M. (Charles Mason), September 1851, describing Rose Hill, residence of George Leland, Waltham, MA, in “Notes on Gardens and Nurseries” (''Magazine of Horticulture'' 17: 411)<ref>Charles Mason Hovey, “Notes on Gardens and Nurseries,” ''Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs'' 17, vol. 9 (September 1851): 410–12, [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/DR542Z2D view on Zotero.]</ref>

	:“A main [[walk]] extends around the garden, with '''alleys''' leading from one side to the other.”		:“A main [[walk]] extends around the garden, with '''alleys''' leading from one side to the other.”

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
-*Dezallier d’Argenville, Antoine-Joseph, 1712, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712; repr., 1969: 40–41)<ref name="Argenville_1712">A.-J. (Antoine Joseph) Dézallier d’Argenville, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening; Wherein is Fully Handled All That Relates to Fine Gardens, . . . Containing Divers Plans, and General Dispositions of Gardens. . .'', trans. John James (London: Geo. James, 1712; repr., Farnborough, England: Gregg, 1969), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/RNT8ZVZ87 view on Zotero.]</ref>
+*Dezallier d’Argenville, Antoine-Joseph, 1712, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712; repr., 1969: 40–41)<ref name="Argenville_1712">A.-J. (Antoine Joseph) Dézallier d’Argenville, ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening; Wherein is Fully Handled All That Relates to Fine Gardens, . . . Containing Divers Plans, and General Dispositions of Gardens. . . '', trans. John James (London: Geo. James, 1712; repr., Farnborough, England: Gregg, 1969), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/keywords_in_early_american_landscape_design/items/itemKey/RNT8ZVZ8/q/The%20Theory%20and%20Practice%20of%20Gardening view on Zotero.]</ref>
 :“OPEN [[Walk]]s may be distinguished into two Kinds; namely, the '''Alley''' of [[Parterre]]s, [[Bowling green]]s, [[kitchen garden|Kitchen-gardens]], &c. which are formed only by the Yews and Dwarfs of the [[Border]]s; and the [[Walk]]s, which tho’ planted with high Palisades and tall Trees, are however kept open at Top, either by clipping the Palisades to a certain Height, or by trimming the Trees on both Sides, so that you may breathe the pure Air. . .
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
-*Bradley, Richard, 1719–20, ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening'' (1720: 2:141)<ref name="Bradley_1719-20">Richard Bradley, ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical. . . , 3rd ed., 2 vols. (London: W. Mears, 1719–20), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/U8DEKNZ4 view on Zotero.]</ref>
+*Bradley, Richard, 1719–20, ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening'' (1720: 2:141)<ref name="Bradley_1719-20">Richard Bradley, ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical. . . ,'' 3rd ed., 2 vols. (London: W. Mears, 1719–20), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/U8DEKNZ4 view on Zotero.]</ref>
 :“But plant ''Asparagus''. . . measure out your Ground, allowing four Foot for the Breadth of each ''[[bed|Bed]]'', and two Foot for every '''Alley''' between the ''[[bed|Beds]]''.”

@@ Line 198: / Line 198: @@
-*[[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing, Andrew Jackson]], 1849, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'' (1849: 63, 89–90)<ref name="Downing_1849">A. J. Downing, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America . . . , 4th ed. (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1849), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5M4S2D64 view on Zotero].</ref>
+*[[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing, Andrew Jackson]], 1849, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'' (1849: 63, 89–90)<ref name="Downing_1849">A. J. Downing, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America. . . , 4th ed. (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1849), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5M4S2D64 view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“Where a taste for imitating an old and quaint style of residence exists, the symmetrical and knotted garden would be a proper accompaniment; and pleached '''alleys''', and sheared trees, would be admired, like old armor or furniture, as curious specimens of antique taste and custom. . .
-:“In these gardens, nature was tamed and subdued. . . The stately etiquette and courtly precision of the manners of our English ancestors, extended into their gardens, and were reflected back by the very trees which lined their [[avenue]]s, and the shrubs which surrounded their houses. . . the gay ladies and gallants of Charles II’s court . . . fluttering in glittering processions, or flirting in [[green]] '''alleys''' and [[bower]]s of topiary work.”
+:“In these gardens, nature was tamed and subdued. . . The stately etiquette and courtly precision of the manners of our English ancestors, extended into their gardens, and were reflected back by the very trees which lined their [[avenue]]s, and the shrubs which surrounded their houses. . . the gay ladies and gallants of Charles II’s court. . . fluttering in glittering processions, or flirting in [[green]] '''alleys''' and [[bower]]s of topiary work.”

@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
-*<div id="Logan_1867"></div>[[Deborah Norris Logan|Logan, Deborah Norris]], 1867, describing the garden of Charles Norris, Philadelphia, PA (1867: 6)<ref name="Logan_1867">Deborah Norris Logan, ''The Norris House'' (Philadelphia: Fair-Hill Press, 1867), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KGVT4B54 view on Zotero.]</ref> [[#Logan_1867_cite|back up to History]]
+*<div id="Logan_1867"></div>[[Deborah Norris Logan|Logan, Deborah Norris]], 1867, describing the garden of Charles Norris, Philadelphia, PA (1867: 6)<ref name="Logan_1867">Deborah Norris Logan, ''The Norris House'' (Philadelphia: Fair-Hill Press, 1867), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/KGVT4B54 view on Zotero.]</ref>
-:“It was laid out in [[square]] [[parterre]]s and [[bed]]s, regularly intersected by graveled and grass [[walk]]s and '''alleys'''.”
+:“It was laid out in [[square]] [[parterre]]s and [[bed]]s, regularly intersected by graveled and grass [[walk]]s and '''alleys'''.” [[#Logan_1867_cite|back up to History]]
 <br/>

@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
-*Sheridan, Thomas, 1789, ''A Complete Dictionary of the English Language'' (1789: n.p.)<ref name="Sheridan_1789">Thomas A. Sheridan, ''A Complete Dictionary of the English Language, Carefully Revised and Corrected by John Andrews. . .'', 5th ed. (Philadelphia: William Young, 1789) [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/T5GU4CBQ view on Zotero.]</ref>
+*Sheridan, Thomas, 1789, ''A Complete Dictionary of the English Language'' (1789: n.p.)<ref name="Sheridan_1789">Thomas A. Sheridan, ''A Complete Dictionary of the English Language, Carefully Revised and Corrected by John Andrews. . . '', 5th ed. (Philadelphia: William Young, 1789) [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/T5GU4CBQ view on Zotero.]</ref>
 :“'''ALLEY''', al'-ly. s. A [[walk]] in a garden; a passage in towns narrower than a street.”
@@ Line 198: / Line 198: @@
-*[[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing, Andrew Jackson]], 1849, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'' (1849: 63, 89–90)<ref name="Downing_1849">A. J. Downing, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America . . ., 4th ed. (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1849), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5M4S2D64 view on Zotero].</ref>
+*[[Andrew Jackson Downing|Downing, Andrew Jackson]], 1849, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'' (1849: 63, 89–90)<ref name="Downing_1849">A. J. Downing, ''A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America . . . , 4th ed. (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1849), [https://www.zotero.org/groups/54737/items/itemKey/5M4S2D64 view on Zotero].</ref>
 :“Where a taste for imitating an old and quaint style of residence exists, the symmetrical and knotted garden would be a proper accompaniment; and pleached '''alleys''', and sheared trees, would be admired, like old armor or furniture, as curious specimens of antique taste and custom. . .

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 [[File:0072.jpg|thumb|right|text-bottom|Fig. 2, [[Thomas Jefferson]], Plan of an [[orchard]] at [[Monticello]], c. 1778.]]
-[[File:1097.jpg|thumb|right|text-bottom|Fig. 3, Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the [[Pleasure_ground/Pleasure_garden|Pleasure Grounds]] and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane at Philadelphia]],” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280.]]
+[[File:1097.jpg|thumb|right|text-bottom|Fig. 3, Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the [[Pleasure_ground/Pleasure_garden|Pleasure Grounds]] and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] at Philadelphia,” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280.]]
 {{nowrap| The repeated use of the phrase “[[walk]]s and alleys” in American garden writing suggests that there was a distinction between the two terms}}, although that nuance of meaning is neither clear nor consistent. In the late 17th century, French treatise author <span id="LaQuintinie_cite"></span>Jean de La Quintinie often used the terms “alley” and “[[walk]]” interchangeably, and distinguished alleys as more narrow than [[avenue]]s ([[#LaQuintinie|view text]]). Other treatise writers find the main criteria of an alley to be a walkway formed between two rows of plantings, defined by either low [[border]]s, such as in <span id="Beebe_cite"></span>Lewis Beebe’s description of flowers lining alleys in a Mr. Pratt’s garden ([[#Beebe|view text]]), or by tall, mature shade trees forming an enclosing canopy. This latter definition was exemplified at New Haven Burying Ground (as described by <span id="Dwight_1821_cite"></span>[[Timothy Dwight]] in 1796) ([[#Dwight_1821|view text]]), [[André Parmentier|André Parmentier’s]] [[Parmentier’s Horticultural and Botanical Garden|Horticultural and Botanical Garden]] [Fig. 1], with its alleys of nectarine, peach, pear, apple, plum, and cherry trees, and [[Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson’s]] [[plantation]], [[Monticello]] [Fig. 2]. In contrast to the treatises, usage examples suggest that alley referred to walkways of all sizes planted on either side, from the pedestrian paths of [[Gray’s Garden]] in Philadelphia and [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]’s six-foot-wide “allies” between grass [[plot]]s at [[Monticello]] to the alley wide enough for two carriages to pass at the New Haven Burying Ground. The “Tenpin Alley” in the [[pleasure ground]]s of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] [Fig. 3] is an example of the use of the term to describe a site for bowling that looks completely different from the more common garden element, the [[bowling green]].
@@ Line 225: / Line 225: @@
 Image:0064.jpg|Anonymous, ''Map of [[Parmentier’s_Horticultural_and_Botanical_Garden|Mr. Andrew Parmentier’s Horticultural & Botanical Garden]], at Brooklyn, Long Island, Two Miles From the City of New York'', c. 1828. On the right of this plan, '''alleys''' are straight walk-ways that have been defined by plantings of several kinds of fruit trees (“L” through “P”).
-Image:1097.jpg|Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the [[Pleasure_ground/Pleasure_garden|Pleasure Grounds]] and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane at Philadelphia]],” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280. The “Tenpin '''Alley'''” is located at “9,” above and right of “Gentlemen’s Ground.”
+Image:1097.jpg|Thomas S. Sinclair, “Plan of the [[Pleasure_ground/Pleasure_garden|Pleasure Grounds]] and Farm of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane]] at Philadelphia,” in Thomas S. Kirkbride, ''American Journal of Insanity'' 4, no. 4 (April 1848): pl. opp. 280. The “Tenpin '''Alley'''” is located at “9,” above and right of “Gentlemen’s Ground.”
 </gallery>